0001366868-24-000028 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

Print Document View Excel Document

Fair Value Measurements - License Agreement - Quantitative Fair Value Inputs (Details) - XCOM Labs, Inc. - Common Stock, Restricted	Aug. 29, 2023
Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	1.13
Measurement Input, Expected Term
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	0.5
Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	0.745
Risk-Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	0.0552

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Finance lease, interest expense (less than)	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Operating cash flows from finance leases (less than)	$ 0.1	$ 0.1	$ 0.1

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business

Globalstar, Inc. (“Globalstar” or the “Company”) provides Mobile Satellite Services (“MSS”) including voice and data communications and wholesale capacity services through its global satellite network. The Company’s only reportable segment is its MSS business. Thermo Companies, through commonly controlled affiliates, (collectively, “Thermo”) is the principal owner and largest stockholder of Globalstar. The Company's Executive Chairman of the Board controls Thermo.

Globalstar currently provides the following communications services:

•two-way voice communication and data transmissions via the GSP-1600 and GSP-1700 phone ("Duplex");

•one-way or two-way communications and data transmissions using mobile devices, including the SPOT family of products, such as SPOT X ®, SPOT Gen4TM and SPOT Trace®, that transmit messages and the location of the device ("SPOT");

•one-way data transmissions using a mobile or fixed device that transmits its location and other information to a central monitoring station, including commercial IoT products, such as the battery- and solar-powered SmartOne, STX-3, ST100, ST-150 and Integrity 150 ("Commercial IoT");

•satellite network access and related services utilizing our satellite spectrum and network of satellites and gateways ("Wholesale Capacity Services"); and

•engineering and other communication services using the Globalstar System ("Engineering and Other").

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to current year presentation. The Company evaluates estimates on an ongoing basis.

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Globalstar and all its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), which requires most identifiable assets, liabilities, and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. Additionally, ASC 805 requires transaction-related costs to be expensed in the period incurred. The determination of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires estimates and assumptions that can change as a result of new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. As such, the Company will make any necessary adjustments to goodwill in the period identified within one year of the acquisition date. Adjustments outside of that range are recognized currently in earnings. Refer to Note 2: License Agreement of the consolidated financial statements for further details.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash deposited in institutional money market funds, regular interest-bearing depository accounts and non-interest-bearing depository accounts are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consists primarily of highly liquid short-term investments deposited with financial institutions that are of high credit quality.

The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and records reserves to provide for estimated credit losses. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company's wholesale capacity customer under the Service Agreements was responsible for 49% of the Company's revenue and 69% of the Company's receivable balance. Additionally, one of the Company's value added resellers was responsible for 15% of the Company's receivable balance; however, this customer was responsible for less than 10% of the Company's revenue. No other customers were responsible for more than 10% of the Company's revenue or accounts receivable balance.

Accounts Receivable

The Company records trade accounts receivable from its customers, including MSS subscribers and its wholesale capacity customer, when it has a contractual right to receive payment either on demand or on fixed or determinable dates in the future. Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration from the customer becomes unconditional, which is generally upon billing or upon satisfaction of a performance obligation, whichever is earlier. Accounts receivable are uncollateralized, without interest, and consist of receivables from wholesale capacity services and the sale of Globalstar services and equipment. The Company also may act as an agent to procure goods and perform services under the Service Agreements. Payment is generally due within 45 days of the invoice date for this customer. For service, payment is generally due from subscribers within thirty days of the invoice date and for equipment customers, payment is generally due within thirty to sixty days of the invoice date, or, for some customers, may be made in advance of shipment.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and impairs receivable balances by recording specific allowances for credit losses based on factors such as customer credit ratings, supportable and reasonable current trends, the length of time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience. The Company believes that historical collection experience is the most reasonable basis for predicting future performance. One type of the Company’s contract assets is customer receivables and, as such, historical delinquency percentages are generally consistent over time. The estimate of the allowance for subscriber credit losses is computed using aging schedules by type of revenue (service and subscriber equipment), by product (Duplex, SPOT and Commercial IoT) and by country. As discussed above, accounts receivable are considered past due in accordance with the contractual terms of the applicable arrangements. The Company applies a loss rate to its portfolio of subscriber trade receivables based on past-due status and records an allowance for credit losses, which represents the expected losses of those trade receivables over their estimated contractual life. The estimated life may vary by service and product type, but is generally less than one year. Allowances are generally recorded for all aging categories of outstanding receivables, including those in the current category. Accounts receivable balances that are determined likely to be uncollectible are included in the allowance for credit losses. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The estimate of the allowance for credit losses on wholesale capacity receivables is based primarily on customer payment history and credit rating. The Company believes that the risk of loss is extremely remote for this category of outstanding receivables.

The following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,892	$	2,962	$	4,352
Provision, net of recoveries	519		1,087		409
Write-offs and other adjustments	(1,099)		(1,157)		(1,799)
Balance at end of period	$	2,312	$	2,892	$	2,962

Inventory

Inventory consists primarily of purchased products, including subscriber equipment devices, which work on the Company’s network, as well as component parts and other chips used in the manufacture of subscriber equipment devices. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory write downs are evaluated at the product level and measured as the difference between the cost of inventory and the net realizable. Write downs are recorded as a cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Product sales and returns from the previous 12 months and future demand forecasts are reviewed and excess and obsolete inventory is written off, as applicable.

For each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company wrote down the value of inventory by $8.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, after adjusting for changes in net realizable value. The Company did not write down the value of inventory for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In 2022, the Company wrote down the value of equipment consisting of second-generation Duplex assets, including finished goods, chips and component parts to be used in manufacturing such devices as well as second-generation Duplex gateway spare parts, totaling $6.9 million. Additionally, the Company recorded amounts prepaid to its product manufacturer related to second-generation Duplex products, previously included in Prepaid and other current assets on its consolidated balance sheets totaling $1.6 million. The Company concluded that there was no remaining net realizable value of its second-generation Duplex inventory including prepayments to its product manufacturer.

In 2021, the Company wrote off certain Sat-Fi2® materials that were not likely to be used in production as well as defective inventory units that were no longer saleable.

Property and Equipment

The Globalstar System includes costs for the design, manufacture, test and launch of a constellation of low earth orbit satellites (the “Space Component”), primary and backup control centers, gateways (the “Ground Component”) and spectrum licenses. Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.

Costs associated with the design, manufacture, test and launch of the Company’s Space and Ground Components are capitalized and include direct costs of third party suppliers and contractors, internal personnel as well as equipment and materials. Capitalized costs associated with the Company’s Space Component, Ground Component, and other assets are tracked by fixed asset category and are allocated to each asset as it comes into service. Generally, when a satellite is incorporated into the constellation, the Company begins depreciation on the date the satellite is placed into service, which was the point that the satellite reaches its orbital altitude, over its estimated depreciable life. In June 2022, the Company launched an on-ground spare satellite. The costs associated with the construction and launch of this spare satellite were placed into service after its successful launch since this satellite is expected to remain as an in-orbit spare and will only be raised to its operational orbit at a future date if needed.

The Company capitalizes interest costs associated with the costs of assets in progress. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying asset and is amortized over the depreciable life of the asset after it is placed into service. As the Company’s construction in progress increases, the Company capitalizes more interest, resulting in a lower amount of net interest expense recognized under U.S. GAAP.

Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows:

Space Component - 15 years from the commencement of service

Ground Component - 7 or 15 years from commencement of service

Software, Facilities & Equipment - 3 to 10 years

Buildings - 18 years

Leasehold Improvements - Shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements

The estimated useful lives of the Company's Space and Ground components were based on estimated design life, information from the Company's engineering department and overall Company strategy for the use of these assets. The Company evaluates and revises the estimated depreciable lives assigned to property and equipment based on changes in facts and circumstances. When changes are made to estimated useful lives, the remaining carrying amounts are depreciated prospectively over the remaining useful lives.

For assets that are sold or retired, including satellites that are de-orbited and no longer providing services, the estimated cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from property and equipment.

The Company assesses the impairment of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If the asset is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded. Additionally, the Company routinely performs profitability analyses to determine if investments in certain products and/or services remain viable. In the event the Company decides not to support a product or service, or determines that an asset is not expected to generate future benefit, the asset may be abandoned and an impairment loss may be recorded on the associated assets.

Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell; these assets are generally classified as current on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as the disposal of these assets is expected within one year.

Leases

The Company has operating and finance leases for facilities and equipment around the world, including corporate offices, satellite control centers, ground control centers, gateways and certain equipment.

Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract, or part of the contract, contains a lease. A lease conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases include both a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the Company’s right to use the underlying asset in the lease. Certain initial direct costs associated with consummating a lease are included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use asset. The right-of-use asset also includes prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The lease liability represents the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted using the implicit rate in the lease on the lease commencement date. For leases in which the implicit rate is not readily determinable, an estimated incremental borrowing rate is used, which represents a rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components, if applicable.

For operating leases, the Company records lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term in either marketing, general and administrative expense or cost of services, depending on the nature of the underlying asset. For finance leases, the Company records the amortization of the right-of-use asset through depreciation, amortization and accretion expense and records the interest expense on the lease liability through interest expense, net, using the effective interest method.

Variable lease payments are payments made to a lessor due to changes in circumstances occurring after the commencement date. Variable lease payments dependent upon an index or rate are included in the measurement of the lease liability; all other variable lease payments are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and recognized when incurred. Variable lease payments excluded from the measurement of the lease liability are uncommon and, when incurred, are immaterial for the Company.

The Company’s existing leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 18 years. Lease terms include renewal or termination options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, the Company does not record a right-of-use asset and associated lease liability on its consolidated balance sheet.

The Company reviews the carrying value of its right-of-use assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If a right-of-use asset is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded.

Derivative Instruments

Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract contains a derivative instrument. The Company has financing arrangements that are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivative features. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value with gains or losses recognized in earnings. The Company determines the fair value of derivative instruments based on available market data and assumptions developed by management using appropriate valuation models.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs are those costs directly incurred in issuing long-term debt or equity financing. Costs associated with obtaining long-term debt are amortized as additional interest expense over the expected term of the corresponding instrument and are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as a reduction in the carrying amount of the related debt liability. The Company classifies deferred financing costs consistent with the classification of the related debt outstanding at the end of the reporting period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of its debt agreements on a recurring basis without incurring significant additional costs. Unlike typical long-term debt, certain terms for its debt agreements are not readily available and generally involve a variety of factors, including due diligence by the debt holders. The Company's vendor financing arrangement was recorded at net carrying value, which approximated fair value.

Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various claims and lawsuits that arise in the ordinary course of business. Estimating liabilities and costs associated with these matters requires judgment and assessment based on professional knowledge and experience of our management and legal counsel. When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded for the Company's best estimate. If there is a range of loss, the Company will record a reserve based on the low end of the range, unless facts and circumstances can support a different point in the range. When a loss is probable, but not reasonably estimable, disclosure is provided, as considered necessary. Reserves for potential claims or lawsuits may be relieved if the loss is no longer considered probable. The ultimate resolution of any such exposure may vary from earlier estimates as further facts and circumstances become known.

Gain/Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt generally is recorded upon an extinguishment of a debt instrument or early payment of debt. Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt is calculated as the difference between the reacquisition price and net carrying amount of the debt, which includes unamortized debt issuance costs and any derivative instruments, and is recorded as an extinguishment gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Revenue consists primarily of satellite voice and data service revenue, revenue generated from the sale of fixed and mobile devices, revenue generated from providing satellite network access and related services utilizing the Company's satellite spectrum and network of satellite and gateways, and revenue from providing engineering and other communication services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Each type of revenue is a separate performance obligation with distinct deliverables and is therefore accounted for discretely. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for credits and discounts, as applicable, and is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

Generally, service revenue is recognized over a period of time and revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment is recognized at a point in time. The recognition of revenue for service is over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance over the contract term. The recognition of revenue for subscriber

equipment is at a point in time as the risks and rewards of ownership of the hardware transfer to the customer generally upon shipment, which is when legal title of the product transfers to the customer, among other things (as discussed further below).

The Company does not record sales taxes, telecommunication taxes or other governmental fees collected from customers in revenue. The Company excludes these taxes from the measurement of contract transaction prices.

The Company receives payment from customers in accordance with billing statements or invoices for customer contracts; these payments may be in advance or arrears of services provided to the customer by the Company. Customer payments received in advance of the corresponding service period are recorded as deferred revenue.

Upon activation of a Globalstar device, subscribers are generally charged an activation fee, which is recognized over the term of the expected customer life. Credits granted to customers are expensed or charged against revenue or accounts receivable over the remaining term of the contract.

Under the Service Agreements, the Company issued warrants to Partner (as defined in Note 3) (the "Warrants") to purchase shares of Globalstar common stock; the Warrants were recorded at the estimated fair value of the consideration granted based on a Black-Scholes pricing model. The fair value of the Warrants was capitalized as a contract asset and is being recognized as a reduction of the transaction price over the estimated term of the Service Agreements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, this contract asset was $46.7 million and $52.7 million, respectively, and is netted against the associated contract liability, which is recorded in short-term and long-term deferred revenue on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The value of the contract asset is amortized as a reduction to revenue over the period in which the Company commences its performance obligations through the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services provided. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reduced revenue by $2.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, associated with the amortization of the fair value of the noncash consideration. The Company did not amortize any of the contract asset during 2021.

Estimates related to earned but unbilled service revenue are calculated primarily using current subscriber data, including plan subscriptions and usage between the end of the billing cycle and the end of the period, or in accordance with the terms of the customer contract for satellite network access services. The recognition of service revenue related to amounts allocated to performance obligations that were satisfied (or partially satisfied) in a previous period is not material to the Company’s financial statements. Amounts related to earned but unbilled revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment are recognized if hardware is shipped prior to the invoice being generated. This situation may result from multi-deliverable contracts, whereby equipment and service revenue are bundled and billed over time to a single customer.

Provisions for estimated future warranty costs, returns and rebates are recorded as a cost of sale, or a reduction to revenue, as applicable. These costs are based on historical trends and the provision is reviewed regularly and periodically adjusted to reflect changes in estimates.

Certain contracts with customers may contain a financing component. Under ASC 606, an entity should adjust the promised amount of the consideration for the effects of time value of money if the timing of the payments agreed upon by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing for the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For certain payments associated with services provided under the Service Agreements, the length of time between receipt of payment by the customer and transfer of services by the Company was greater than one year. Accordingly, payments made by this customer included a significant financing component. The Company accreted interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the period in which these advance payments were outstanding. The rate in which interest is computed is based on rates implicit in the Service Agreements. For the Company's subscriber contracts, transactions with a significant financing component are infrequent as the time between cash collection and performance is generally less than one year.

The following describes the principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

Duplex Service Revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for monthly access fees in the period services are rendered. The Company offers certain annual plans whereby a customer prepays for a predetermined amount of minutes and data. In these cases, revenue is recognized consistent with a customer's expected pattern of usage based on historical experience because the Company believes that this method most accurately depicts the satisfaction of the Company's obligation to the customer. This usage pattern is typically seasonal and highest in the second and third calendar quarters of the year. The Company offers other annual plans whereby the customer is charged an annual fee to access the Company’s system with an unlimited amount of usage. Annual fees for unlimited plans are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term.

SPOT Service Revenue. The Company sells SPOT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the service term, beginning when the service is activated by the customer.

Commercial IoT Service Revenue. The Company sells Commercial IoT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes revenue ratably over the service term or as service is used, beginning when the service is activated by the customer.

Wholesale Capacity Service Revenue. The Company provides wholesale capacity services. The Company allocates the transaction price under the Service Agreements to each performance obligation generally in proportion to their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are performed, the timing of which may involve complex judgements by management. Although the Service Agreements have no expiration date, the Company estimated its contract term based on the useful life of its existing satellite network and the expected useful life of the new satellite network under construction.

Equipment Revenue. Equipment revenue represents subscriber device sales, including fixed and mobile user terminals, SPOT and Commercial IoT products, and accessories. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment provided control has transferred to the customer. Indicators of transfer of control include, but are not limited to; 1) the Company’s right to payment, 2) the customer has legal title of the equipment, 3) the Company has transferred physical possession of the equipment to the customer or carrier, and 4) the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the equipment. The Company sells equipment designed to work on its network through various channels, including through partners as well as direct to consumers or other businesses by its global sales team and through its e-commerce website. The sales channel depends primarily on the type of equipment and geographic region. Promotional rebates are offered from time to time. A reduction to revenue is recorded to reflect the lower transaction price based on an estimate of the customer take rate at the time of the sale using primarily historical data. This estimate is adjusted periodically to reflect actual rebates given to the Company’s customers. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of subscriber equipment sales.

Engineering and Other Service Revenue. Other service revenue includes primarily revenue associated with engineering and other communication services using the Company's MSS and terrestrial spectrum licenses. The revenue associated with these engineering services is generally recorded over time as the services are rendered, and the Company's obligation to the customer is satisfied.

Multiple-Element Arrangement Contracts. At times, the Company will sell subscriber equipment through multiple-element arrangement contracts with services. When the Company sells subscriber equipment and services in bundled arrangements and determines that it has separate performance obligations, the Company allocates the bundled contract price among the various performance obligations based on relative stand-alone selling prices at contract inception of the distinct goods or services underlying each performance obligation and recognizes revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense in the financial statements for both employee and non-employee share-based awards based on the grant date fair value of those awards and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant. For restricted stock awards and units, the fair value is determined from the stock price on the grant date. For existing market-based awards, the fair value was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation model on the grant date.

For share-based awards with a performance condition that affects vesting, the Company recognizes compensation cost for awards if and when the performance condition is probable of achievement. Expense associated with awards with market-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the lesser of the derived service period or the explicit service period if one is present. If the market condition is satisfied prior to the end of the requisite service period, the Company will accelerate all remaining expense to be recognized.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign consolidated subsidiaries is generally their local currency, except in certain scenarios, including when the subsidiary operates in a hyperinflationary economy, such as Argentina. Assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of stockholders’ equity. For 2023, 2022 and 2021, the foreign currency translation adjustments were net losses of $4.2 million, net gains of $5.3 million and net gains of $4.4 million, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains/losses were approximately net gains of $4.9 million, net losses of $6.6 million and net losses of $6.3 million for each of 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Asset Retirement Obligation

Liabilities arising from legal obligations associated with the retirement of the Company's gateway long-lived assets are measured at fair value and recorded as a liability. Upon initial recognition of a liability for retirement obligations, the Company also capitalizes, as part of the asset carrying amount, the estimated costs associated with its expected retirement. This asset is depreciated over the life of the gateway to be retired. Accretion of the asset retirement obligation liability and depreciation of the related assets are included in depreciation, amortization and accretion in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had accrued approximately $3.0 million, respectively, for asset retirement obligations. There were no new asset retirement obligations established and no settlements during 2023. The Company believes this estimate will be sufficient to satisfy the Company’s obligation under site leases to remove its gateway equipment and restore the lease sites to their original condition.

Warranty Expense

Warranty terms extend from 90 days on equipment accessories to one year for fixed and mobile user terminals. A provision for estimated future warranty costs is recorded as cost of sales when products are shipped. Warranty costs are based on historical trends in warranty charges as a percentage of gross product shipments.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs were $1.4 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of increase in research and development costs are associated with costs incurred pursuant to the SSA under the License Agreement (as defined and discussed further in Note 2: License Agreement). Research and development costs are expensed as incurred as cost of services and include primarily the cost of new product development, chip set design and other engineering work.

Income Taxes

The Company is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. tax purposes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date; however, as the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, there is no impact to the consolidated statements of operations and balance sheets.

The Company recognizes valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the likelihood of realization, management considers: (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (iii) taxable income in prior carry-back year(s) if carry-back is permitted under applicable tax law; and (iv) tax planning strategies.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

All components of comprehensive income (loss), including the foreign currency translation adjustment, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the change in Accumulated other comprehensive income resulted from foreign currency translation adjustments; no amounts were reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive income during these periods.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In periods of net income, the numerator used to calculate diluted EPS includes the effect of dilutive securities, including interest expense, net, and derivative gains or losses reflected in net income (loss) as well as the effect of dividends attributable to preferred shareholders. Common stock equivalents are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share only when the effect of their inclusion would be dilutive. Prior to their conversion, the effect of potentially dilutive common shares for the Company's convertible notes were calculated using the if-converted method. Generally, for all other potentially dilutive common shares, the effect is calculated using the treasury stock method.

Goodwill

For acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is not amortized in accordance with the requirements of ASC 350. Goodwill is required to be allocated amongst reporting units and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. All of the Company's goodwill is assigned to Globalstar's MSS business, its only reportable segment.

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis on November 30 of each fiscal year and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test on November 30, 2023 and determined there was no impairment as of that date. Additionally, the Company is not aware of any additional triggering events. The Company's goodwill impairment test is prepared using a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company considers significant unfavorable industry or economic trends as factors in deciding when to perform an impairment test. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, it is not necessary to measure and record an impairment loss. If a goodwill impairment test is necessary, the fair value of the reporting unit, which is determined using an income approach based on the present value of discounted cash flows, is compared to its carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss.

Intangible and Other Assets

Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization

A significant portion of the Company's intangible assets are licenses that provide the Company the exclusive right to provide MSS services over the Globalstar System or to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless communication services in a particular region of the world. While licenses are issued for only a fixed time, such licenses are subject to renewal by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") or equivalent international regulatory authorities. These license renewals are expected to occur routinely and at nominal cost. Moreover, the Company has determined that there are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of its wireless licenses. As a result, the Company treats the wireless licenses as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company re-evaluates the useful life determination for wireless licenses annually, or more frequently if needed, to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The Company assesses these intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. In assessing whether it is more likely than not that such an asset is impaired, the Company assesses relevant events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the asset. If the Company determines that an impairment exists, any related loss is estimated based on fair values.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Our intangible assets that do not have indefinite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. For information related to each major class of intangible assets, including accumulated amortization and estimated average useful lives, see Note 6: Intangible and Other Assets. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an indicator is present, the Company would measure recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the asset is not recoverable, the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying amount and the carrying amount would be adjusted down to its fair value.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain and Fulfill Contracts

The Company capitalizes incremental costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract to the extent it expects to recover them. For subscriber-driven contracts, these capitalized contract acquisition costs primarily include deferred subscriber acquisition costs and are amortized consistently with the pattern of transfer of the good or delivery of the service to which the asset relates. For wholesale capacity services, the Company capitalizes costs incurred by the Company prior to the customer benefiting from the service. If a contract terminates prior to the end of its expected life, the remaining capitalized contract costs associated with it becomes impaired and the amount is expensed.

For subscriber driven revenue, total contract acquisition costs were $1.2 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are recorded in "Intangible and other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These costs are typically amortized to marketing, general and administrative expenses over three years, which considers anticipated contract renewals. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the amount of amortization related to contract acquisition costs was $0.7 million, $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

For wholesale capacity services, total costs to fulfill the customer contract associated with the Service Agreements were $5.7 million and $4.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are recorded in "Intangible and other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These costs are typically amortized to cost of services and marketing, general and administrative expenses over the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services provided. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount of amortization related to costs to fulfill a contract was $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. There was no amortization related to costs to fulfill a contract in 2021.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs were $2.8 million, $2.0 million and $2.3 million for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. These costs are expensed as incurred as marketing, general and administrative expenses.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This ASU also explicitly requires public entities with a single reportable segment to provide all segment disclosures under ASC 280, including the new disclosures in this ASU. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact this ASU may have on its financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which updates qualitative and quantitative disclosures for the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. The Company will adopt this standard when it becomes effective on January 1, 2025. The Company is evaluating the impact this ASU may have on its financial statement disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04: Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, goodwill impairment will be tested by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. ASU 2017-04 should be applied prospectively and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Prior to August 2023, the Company did not have any recorded goodwill on its consolidated balance sheets. In connection with the License Agreement (discussed in Note 2: License Agreement) entered into in August 2023, the Company recorded goodwill and is now subject to the guidance pursuant to ASU 2017-04. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 effective July 1, 2023. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04: Liabilities — Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. ASU 2022-04 added certain disclosure requirements for buyers in supplier finance programs. The amendments in the update require that buyers disclose qualitative and quantitative information about their supplier finance programs. Interim and annual requirements include disclosure of outstanding amounts under the obligations as of the end of the reporting period, and annual requirements include a rollforward of those obligations for the annual reporting period, as well as a description of payment and other key terms of the programs. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement to disclose rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2023 and revised its disclosures pursuant ASU 2022-04.

Revenue - Accounts Receivable and Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	$ 48,743	$ 26,329
Total accounts receivable (short-term and long-term), net of allowance for credit losses	48,743	42,429
Short-term contract liabilities	53,677	74,639
Long-term contract liabilities	3,213	62,877
Total contract liabilities	56,890	137,516
Subscriber driven
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	14,474	14,850
Short-term contract liabilities	22,816	21,987
Long-term contract liabilities	1,632	1,704
Wholesale capacity services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	33,521	7,234
Long-term wholesale capacity accounts receivable	0	16,100
Short-term contract liabilities	30,861	52,652
Long-term contract liabilities	1,581	61,173
Total contract liabilities	32,442	113,825
Agency agreement
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	$ 748	$ 4,245

Stock Compensation - Market-Based Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	Sep. 25, 2023 $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.73%
Stock Price Volatility	80.00%
Market Price of Common Stock (in dollars per share)	$ 1.29

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 1D
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(03)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

+ Details

Leases- Components of Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use asset, net	$ 34,164	$ 30,859
Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)	$ 3,004	$ 2,747
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued expenses	Accrued expenses
Long-term lease liability	$ 29,244	$ 27,635
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 32,248	$ 30,382

Loss Per Share - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Numerator:
Shares of potential common stock excluded from diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	18.8	7.7	10.1
Warrants outstanding (in shares)		49.1
Warrants
Numerator:
Shares of potential common stock excluded from diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	5.0
Unvested warrants
Numerator:
Shares of potential common stock excluded from diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	5.0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party
Numerator:
Partnership agreement, advancement guarantee	$ 25.0
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Numerator:
Payment amount	$ 10.6	$ 1.3

Derivatives (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Derivatives (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2023	May 31, 2013
2023 13% Notes
Derivative [Line Items]
Loan interest rate	13.00%			13.00%
Convertible 8.00% Senior Notes Issued 2013
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative		$ 200,000	$ (1,200,000)
Embedded derivative, fair value		$ 0
Loan interest rate		8.00%			8.00%
2023 Funding Agreement
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative	$ 1,600,000
Embedded derivative, fair value	1,300,000
2019 Facility Agreement
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on derivative		$ (1,000,000)	$ 200,000
Embedded derivative, fair value	$ 0	$ 100,000

Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Loss Per Share

14. LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share and reconciles basic weighted average shares to diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the periods indicated (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(24,718)	$	(256,915)	$	(112,625)
Effect of Series A Preferred Stock dividends	(10,605)		(1,337)		—
Adjusted net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(35,323)	$	(258,252)	$	(112,625)

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	1,835,005		1,800,825		1,765,139

Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.02)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.06)
Diluted	$	(0.02)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.06)

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 18.8 million shares, 7.7 million shares and 10.1 million shares, respectively, of potential common stock were excluded from diluted shares outstanding because the effects of potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive. Included in these shares as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is a portion of the 49.1 million Warrants issued under the Service Agreements in 2022 based on the treasury stock method. During 2023, 5.0 million of the warrants that were issued to Thermo for its guarantee of the 2023 Funding Agreement vested; none of these warrants are included in the potentially dilutive securities for the period due to the consideration of the exercise price of the warrants relative to the average market price during the period. Also excluded from the amounts above are 5.0 million unvested warrants associated with Thermo's guarantee of the 2023 Funding Agreement; these warrants vest if and when Thermo advances aggregate funds of $25.0 million or more to the Company or a permitted third party pursuant to the terms of Thermo's guarantee.

As discussed in Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements, the Company's Board of Directors approved the payment of dividends totaling $10.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 on its Series A Preferred Stock. This amount adjusts the numerator used to calculate loss per share.

Intangible and Other Assets - Carrying Amount and Accumulated Amortization of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization	$ 16,929	$ 16,803
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	53,809	22,212
Accumulated Amortization	(10,085)	(8,608)
Net Carrying Amount	43,724	13,604
Gross Carrying Amount, finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	70,738	39,015
Net carrying amount, finite and indefinite lived intangible assets	60,653	30,407
Developed intellectual property
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	12,170	9,113
Accumulated Amortization	(8,235)	(7,292)
Net Carrying Amount	3,935	1,821
Regulatory authorizations
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	5,370	3,722
Accumulated Amortization	(1,850)	(1,316)
Net Carrying Amount	3,520	2,406
Intellectual property assets in progress
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	25,980	0
Accumulated Amortization	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	25,980	0
Other
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	10,289	9,377
Accumulated Amortization	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 10,289	$ 9,377

Long-term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements -Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 34,600
2025	44,023
2026	41,222
2027	34,972
2028	34,972
Thereafter	208,872
Total	$ 398,661

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$ 5,853	$ 5,299	$ 5,445

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	42
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	New Orleans, Louisiana

Intangible and Other Assets - Estimated Annual Amortization of Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 1,575
2025	1,254
2026	1,225
2027	1,161
2028	646
Thereafter	1,594
Net Carrying Amount	$ 7,455

Stock Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value

The table below summarizes the assumptions for the indicated periods:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Risk-free interest rate	3.9		%	1.4		%	0.4		%
Expected term of options (years)	5			5			5
Volatility	65		%	100		%	62		%
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share	$	0.73		$	0.86		$	0.17

Schedule of stock option activity

The following table represents the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:


	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	8,099,885	$	1.29
Granted	800,000	1.27
Exercised	(61,484)	0.70
Forfeited or expired	(554,400)	1.99
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	8,284,001	1.24

Exercisable at December 31, 2023	6,736,494	$	1.26

Schedule of weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock

The table below summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock for the indicated periods:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	1.36	$	1.73	$	1.23

Schedule of non vested restricted stock activity

The following is a rollforward of the activity in restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2023:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2023	9,953,866	$	1.47
Granted	7,860,740	1.36
Vested	(8,819,458)	1.29
Forfeited	(159,067)	1.47
Nonvested at December 31, 2023	8,836,081	$	1.56

Schedule of fair value measurement inputs

The total fair value of these shares was $19.0 million and computed using the following assumptions on the transaction date:


	Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price		Term (Years)	Volatility		Risk-Free Interest Rate
Fair Value of Consideration	$	1.13	0.5	74.5	%	5.52	%

The fair value of 5.0 million of the warrants, which is the portion that vested immediately on the effective date of the agreement, was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions on the valuation date of December 7, 2023.


Number of warrants (in millions)	5.0
Grant date	December 7, 2023
Exercise price	$	2.00
Expected term (years)	5
Risk-free interest rate	4.11		%
Volatility	92.14		%
Black-Scholes fair value per share	$	1.00
Total fair value (in millions)	$	5.0

The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using the following assumptions:


	Risk-Free Interest Rate		Stock Price Volatility		Market Price of Common Stock
Fair Value of RSUs	4.73	%	80.00	%	$	1.29

Taxes- Schedule of Actual Provision for Income Taxes to Statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision at U.S. statutory rate of 21%	$ (4,967)	$ (53,951)	$ (23,714)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(771)	(4,065)	(867)
Change in valuation allowance	(969)	43,500	15,991
Effect of foreign income tax at various rates	(131)	(133)	176
Permanent differences	5,923	8,229	4,993
Net change in permanent items due to provision to tax return	(731)	1,855	(569)
Adjustment to reserved deferred assets	2,104	4,607	1,969
Adjustment to state deferred rate	170	136	775
Withholding tax	502	0	0
Other	(7)	(105)	947
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 1,123	$ 73	$ (299)

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,634,891	$ 1,507,776
Accumulated depreciation	(1,010,889)	(947,405)
Total property and equipment, net	624,002	560,371
Globalstar System
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,594,852	1,473,461
Space component
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,230,975	1,246,343
Space component \| Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	240,732	110,068
Ground component
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	106,757	102,567
Ground component \| Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	6,814	5,316
Other \| Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	9,574	9,167
Internally developed and purchased software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	23,310	22,509
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	11,905	8,042
Land and buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	2,677	1,681
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 2,147	$ 2,083

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of rollforward of assets and liabilities measured at fair value

The following table presents a rollforward for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Balances at beginning of period	$	(122)	$	(880)
Issuance of embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement	(292)		—
Derivative adjustment related to debt conversions	—		1,148
Derivative adjustment related to extinguishment of debt	122		415
Unrealized gain (loss), included in derivative gain (loss) and other	1,587		(805)
Balances at end of period	$	1,295	$	(122)

Schedule of fair value measurement inputs

The total fair value of these shares was $19.0 million and computed using the following assumptions on the transaction date:


	Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price		Term (Years)	Volatility		Risk-Free Interest Rate
Fair Value of Consideration	$	1.13	0.5	74.5	%	5.52	%


Number of warrants (in millions)	5.0
Grant date	December 7, 2023
Exercise price	$	2.00
Expected term (years)	5
Risk-free interest rate	4.11		%
Volatility	92.14		%
Black-Scholes fair value per share	$	1.00
Total fair value (in millions)	$	5.0

The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using the following assumptions:


	Risk-Free Interest Rate		Stock Price Volatility		Market Price of Common Stock
Fair Value of RSUs	4.73	%	80.00	%	$	1.29

Revenue - Wholesale Capacity Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Additional consideration associated with the 2021 and 2023 Funding Agreements	$ 16,104				$ 0
Contract asset	(46,700)				(52,700)
Total contract liabilities	56,890				137,516
Warrants issued						$ 48,300
Principal amount	398,661				202,788
2021 Funding Agreement
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Principal amount	75,450				0		$ 94,200
Unamortized debt discount							$ 11,600
2023 Funding Agreement
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Principal amount	117,253	$ 29,523	$ 87,730	$ 88,000	0
Unamortized debt discount				$ 4,500
Wholesale capacity services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Advanced payments contractually owed for services expected to be performed with the next-generation satellite constellation prior to the Phase 2 Service Period	14,204				22,540
Contract asset	(46,665)				(52,696)
Total contract liabilities	32,442				113,825
Wholesale capacity services \| Space component
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed	5,219				99,671
Wholesale capacity services \| Ground component
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed	23,673				25,438
Wholesale capacity services \| Phase 1 service fee and service-related operating expenses and capital expenditures
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed	$ 19,907				$ 18,872

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Deficit
Preferred stock, balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		0
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 423,065	$ 0	$ 167	$ 2,096,566	$ (2,944)	$ (1,670,724)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			1,674,669,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation (in shares)			4,937,000
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation	5,544		$ 1	5,543
Contribution of services	188			188
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan (in shares)			1,887,000
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan	747			747
Issuance of stock for warrant exercises (in shares)			115,036,000
Issuance of stock for warrant exercises	43,678		$ 12	43,666
Other comprehensive income (loss)	4,834				4,834
Net loss	(112,625)					(112,625)
Preferred stock, balance, ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		0
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	365,431	$ 0	$ 180	2,146,710	1,890	(1,783,349)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			1,796,529,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation (in shares)			11,577,000
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation	10,589		$ 1	10,588
Contribution of services	188			188
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan (in shares)			716,000
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan	1,135			1,135
Common stock issued in connection with conversion of 2013 8.00% Notes (in shares)			2,253,000
Common stock issued in connection with conversion of 2013 8.00% Notes	2,548			2,548
Issuance of warrants	48,337			48,337
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock & Dividends (in shares)		149,000
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock & Dividends	105,342			105,342
Gain on extinguishment of 2019 Facility Agreement with Thermo	30,764			30,764
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7,352				7,352
Net loss	$ (256,915)					(256,915)
Preferred stock, balance, ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	0	149,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 314,771	$ 0	$ 181	2,345,612	9,242	(2,040,264)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			1,811,075,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation (in shares)			9,256,000
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and employee stock options and recognition of stock-based compensation	19,287		$ 1	19,286
Contribution of services	$ 188			188
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	13,600,000		887,000
Issuance and recognition of stock-based compensation of employee stock purchase plan	$ 1,270			1,270
Series A Preferred Dividends	(11,942)			(11,942)
Fair value of Thermo guarantees associated with 2023 Funding Agreement	8,864			8,864
Issuance of warrants	5,010			5,010
Issuance of stock in connection with License Agreement with XCOM (in shares)			59,977,000
Issuance of stock in connection with License Agreement with XCOM	70,421		$ 6	70,415
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,172)				(4,172)
Net loss	$ (24,718)					(24,718)
Preferred stock, balance, ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	0	149,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 378,979	$ 0	$ 188	$ 2,438,703	$ 5,070	$ (2,064,982)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023			1,881,195,000

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 223,808	$ 148,504	$ 124,297
Service revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		204,196	132,068	106,464
Service revenue \| United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		170,621	99,735	75,053
Service revenue \| Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		16,058	17,421	17,913
Service revenue \| Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		6,856	6,428	7,300
Service revenue \| Central and South America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		9,978	7,961	5,447
Service revenue \| Others
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		683	523	751
Duplex
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		25,932	29,222	31,197
SPOT
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		44,184	45,670	46,040
Commercial IoT
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		22,867	19,516	17,951
Wholesale capacity services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 6,500	109,067	34,913	8,945
Engineering and other services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		2,146	2,747	2,331
Subscriber equipment sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		19,612	16,436	17,833
Subscriber equipment sales \| United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		8,599	7,981	10,238
Subscriber equipment sales \| Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		5,153	4,740	3,029
Subscriber equipment sales \| Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		2,985	1,870	2,018
Subscriber equipment sales \| Central and South America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		2,863	1,793	2,487
Subscriber equipment sales \| Others
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		12	52	61
SPOT
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		7,724	5,888	9,427
Commercial IoT
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		11,866	10,132	7,169
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 22	$ 416	$ 1,237

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (24,718)	$ (256,915)	$ (112,625)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 323
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 28
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-6

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 830
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-10

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483581/946-220-45-7

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(9))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(1)(d))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A

Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A

Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B

Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B

Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B

Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B

Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B

Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31

Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 205
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483499/205-20-50-7

Reference 35: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 230
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 28
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28

Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A

Reference 37: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B

Reference 38: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 39: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

+ Details

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2022	May 31, 2013
Convertible 8.00% Senior Notes Issued 2013
Debt instrument, interest rate	8.00%	8.00%

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 2,312	$ 2,892
Intangible and other assets, accumulated amortization	$ 12,385	$ 10,908
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	99,700,000	99,700,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 34,600	$ 0
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000	300,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	149,425	149,425
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	149,425	149,425
Voting Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,150,000,000	2,150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,881,194,682	1,811,074,696
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,881,194,682	1,811,074,696

Taxes - Schedule of Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal and foreign NOL and credit carryforwards	$ 467,282	$ 479,884
Property and equipment and other long-term assets	(60,697)	(77,925)
Deferred revenue	28,147	25,774
Reserves and disallowed interest	3,081	8,919
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	437,813	436,652
Valuation allowance	(438,142)	(436,948)
Net deferred income tax liability	$ (329)	$ (296)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to current year presentation. The Company evaluates estimates on an ongoing basis.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Globalstar and all its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.
Business Combinations	Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), which requires most identifiable assets, liabilities, and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. Additionally, ASC 805 requires transaction-related costs to be expensed in the period incurred. The determination of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires estimates and assumptions that can change as a result of new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. As such, the Company will make any necessary adjustments to goodwill in the period identified within one year of the acquisition date. Adjustments outside of that range are recognized currently in earnings.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash deposited in institutional money market funds, regular interest-bearing depository accounts and non-interest-bearing depository accounts are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consists primarily of highly liquid short-term investments deposited with financial institutions that are of high credit quality. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and records reserves to provide for estimated credit losses
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable The Company records trade accounts receivable from its customers, including MSS subscribers and its wholesale capacity customer, when it has a contractual right to receive payment either on demand or on fixed or determinable dates in the future. Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration from the customer becomes unconditional, which is generally upon billing or upon satisfaction of a performance obligation, whichever is earlier. Accounts receivable are uncollateralized, without interest, and consist of receivables from wholesale capacity services and the sale of Globalstar services and equipment. The Company also may act as an agent to procure goods and perform services under the Service Agreements. Payment is generally due within 45 days of the invoice date for this customer. For service, payment is generally due from subscribers within thirty days of the invoice date and for equipment customers, payment is generally due within thirty to sixty days of the invoice date, or, for some customers, may be made in advance of shipment. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and impairs receivable balances by recording specific allowances for credit losses based on factors such as customer credit ratings, supportable and reasonable current trends, the length of time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience. The Company believes that historical collection experience is the most reasonable basis for predicting future performance. One type of the Company’s contract assets is customer receivables and, as such, historical delinquency percentages are generally consistent over time. The estimate of the allowance for subscriber credit losses is computed using aging schedules by type of revenue (service and subscriber equipment), by product (Duplex, SPOT and Commercial IoT) and by country. As discussed above, accounts receivable are considered past due in accordance with the contractual terms of the applicable arrangements. The Company applies a loss rate to its portfolio of subscriber trade receivables based on past-due status and records an allowance for credit losses, which represents the expected losses of those trade receivables over their estimated contractual life. The estimated life may vary by service and product type, but is generally less than one year. Allowances are generally recorded for all aging categories of outstanding receivables, including those in the current category. Accounts receivable balances that are determined likely to be uncollectible are included in the allowance for credit losses. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The estimate of the allowance for credit losses on wholesale capacity receivables is based primarily on customer payment history and credit rating. The Company believes that the risk of loss is extremely remote for this category of outstanding receivables.
Inventory	Inventory Inventory consists primarily of purchased products, including subscriber equipment devices, which work on the Company’s network, as well as component parts and other chips used in the manufacture of subscriber equipment devices. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory write downs are evaluated at the product level and measured as the difference between the cost of inventory and the net realizable. Write downs are recorded as a cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Product sales and returns from the previous 12 months and future demand forecasts are reviewed and excess and obsolete inventory is written off, as applicable.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment The Globalstar System includes costs for the design, manufacture, test and launch of a constellation of low earth orbit satellites (the “Space Component”), primary and backup control centers, gateways (the “Ground Component”) and spectrum licenses. Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Costs associated with the design, manufacture, test and launch of the Company’s Space and Ground Components are capitalized and include direct costs of third party suppliers and contractors, internal personnel as well as equipment and materials. Capitalized costs associated with the Company’s Space Component, Ground Component, and other assets are tracked by fixed asset category and are allocated to each asset as it comes into service. Generally, when a satellite is incorporated into the constellation, the Company begins depreciation on the date the satellite is placed into service, which was the point that the satellite reaches its orbital altitude, over its estimated depreciable life. In June 2022, the Company launched an on-ground spare satellite. The costs associated with the construction and launch of this spare satellite were placed into service after its successful launch since this satellite is expected to remain as an in-orbit spare and will only be raised to its operational orbit at a future date if needed. The Company capitalizes interest costs associated with the costs of assets in progress. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying asset and is amortized over the depreciable life of the asset after it is placed into service. As the Company’s construction in progress increases, the Company capitalizes more interest, resulting in a lower amount of net interest expense recognized under U.S. GAAP. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Space Component - 15 years from the commencement of service Ground Component - 7 or 15 years from commencement of service Software, Facilities & Equipment - 3 to 10 years Buildings - 18 years Leasehold Improvements - Shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements The estimated useful lives of the Company's Space and Ground components were based on estimated design life, information from the Company's engineering department and overall Company strategy for the use of these assets. The Company evaluates and revises the estimated depreciable lives assigned to property and equipment based on changes in facts and circumstances. When changes are made to estimated useful lives, the remaining carrying amounts are depreciated prospectively over the remaining useful lives. For assets that are sold or retired, including satellites that are de-orbited and no longer providing services, the estimated cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from property and equipment. The Company assesses the impairment of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If the asset is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded. Additionally, the Company routinely performs profitability analyses to determine if investments in certain products and/or services remain viable. In the event the Company decides not to support a product or service, or determines that an asset is not expected to generate future benefit, the asset may be abandoned and an impairment loss may be recorded on the associated assets. Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell; these assets are generally classified as current on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as the disposal of these assets is expected within one year.
Leases	Leases The Company has operating and finance leases for facilities and equipment around the world, including corporate offices, satellite control centers, ground control centers, gateways and certain equipment. Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract, or part of the contract, contains a lease. A lease conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases include both a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the Company’s right to use the underlying asset in the lease. Certain initial direct costs associated with consummating a lease are included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use asset. The right-of-use asset also includes prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The lease liability represents the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted using the implicit rate in the lease on the lease commencement date. For leases in which the implicit rate is not readily determinable, an estimated incremental borrowing rate is used, which represents a rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components, if applicable. For operating leases, the Company records lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term in either marketing, general and administrative expense or cost of services, depending on the nature of the underlying asset. For finance leases, the Company records the amortization of the right-of-use asset through depreciation, amortization and accretion expense and records the interest expense on the lease liability through interest expense, net, using the effective interest method. Variable lease payments are payments made to a lessor due to changes in circumstances occurring after the commencement date. Variable lease payments dependent upon an index or rate are included in the measurement of the lease liability; all other variable lease payments are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and recognized when incurred. Variable lease payments excluded from the measurement of the lease liability are uncommon and, when incurred, are immaterial for the Company. The Company’s existing leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 18 years. Lease terms include renewal or termination options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, the Company does not record a right-of-use asset and associated lease liability on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company reviews the carrying value of its right-of-use assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If a right-of-use asset is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded.
Derivative Instruments	Derivative Instruments Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract contains a derivative instrument. The Company has financing arrangements that are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivative features. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value with gains or losses recognized in earnings. The Company determines the fair value of derivative instruments based on available market data and assumptions developed by management using appropriate valuation models.
Deferred Financing Costs	Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs are those costs directly incurred in issuing long-term debt or equity financing. Costs associated with obtaining long-term debt are amortized as additional interest expense over the expected term of the corresponding instrument and are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as a reduction in the carrying amount of the related debt liability. The Company classifies deferred financing costs consistent with the classification of the related debt outstanding at the end of the reporting period.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of its debt agreements on a recurring basis without incurring significant additional costs. Unlike typical long-term debt, certain terms for its debt agreements are not readily available and generally involve a variety of factors, including due diligence by the debt holders. The Company's vendor financing arrangement was recorded at net carrying value, which approximated fair value.
Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies	Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies The Company is subject to various claims and lawsuits that arise in the ordinary course of business. Estimating liabilities and costs associated with these matters requires judgment and assessment based on professional knowledge and experience of our management and legal counsel. When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded for the Company's best estimate. If there is a range of loss, the Company will record a reserve based on the low end of the range, unless facts and circumstances can support a different point in the range. When a loss is probable, but not reasonably estimable, disclosure is provided, as considered necessary. Reserves for potential claims or lawsuits may be relieved if the loss is no longer considered probable. The ultimate resolution of any such exposure may vary from earlier estimates as further facts and circumstances become known.
Gain/Loss on Extinguishment of Debt	Gain/Loss on Extinguishment of Debt Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt generally is recorded upon an extinguishment of a debt instrument or early payment of debt. Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt is calculated as the difference between the reacquisition price and net carrying amount of the debt, which includes unamortized debt issuance costs and any derivative instruments, and is recorded as an extinguishment gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue	Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue Revenue consists primarily of satellite voice and data service revenue, revenue generated from the sale of fixed and mobile devices, revenue generated from providing satellite network access and related services utilizing the Company's satellite spectrum and network of satellite and gateways, and revenue from providing engineering and other communication services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Each type of revenue is a separate performance obligation with distinct deliverables and is therefore accounted for discretely. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for credits and discounts, as applicable, and is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Generally, service revenue is recognized over a period of time and revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment is recognized at a point in time. The recognition of revenue for service is over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance over the contract term. The recognition of revenue for subscriber equipment is at a point in time as the risks and rewards of ownership of the hardware transfer to the customer generally upon shipment, which is when legal title of the product transfers to the customer, among other things (as discussed further below). The Company does not record sales taxes, telecommunication taxes or other governmental fees collected from customers in revenue. The Company excludes these taxes from the measurement of contract transaction prices. The Company receives payment from customers in accordance with billing statements or invoices for customer contracts; these payments may be in advance or arrears of services provided to the customer by the Company. Customer payments received in advance of the corresponding service period are recorded as deferred revenue. Upon activation of a Globalstar device, subscribers are generally charged an activation fee, which is recognized over the term of the expected customer life. Credits granted to customers are expensed or charged against revenue or accounts receivable over the remaining term of the contract. Under the Service Agreements, the Company issued warrants to Partner (as defined in Note 3) (the "Warrants") to purchase shares of Globalstar common stock; the Warrants were recorded at the estimated fair value of the consideration granted based on a Black-Scholes pricing model. The fair value of the Warrants was capitalized as a contract asset and is being recognized as a reduction of the transaction price over the estimated term of the Service Agreements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, this contract asset was $46.7 million and $52.7 million, respectively, and is netted against the associated contract liability, which is recorded in short-term and long-term deferred revenue on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The value of the contract asset is amortized as a reduction to revenue over the period in which the Company commences its performance obligations through the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services provided. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company reduced revenue by $2.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, associated with the amortization of the fair value of the noncash consideration. The Company did not amortize any of the contract asset during 2021. Estimates related to earned but unbilled service revenue are calculated primarily using current subscriber data, including plan subscriptions and usage between the end of the billing cycle and the end of the period, or in accordance with the terms of the customer contract for satellite network access services. The recognition of service revenue related to amounts allocated to performance obligations that were satisfied (or partially satisfied) in a previous period is not material to the Company’s financial statements. Amounts related to earned but unbilled revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment are recognized if hardware is shipped prior to the invoice being generated. This situation may result from multi-deliverable contracts, whereby equipment and service revenue are bundled and billed over time to a single customer. Provisions for estimated future warranty costs, returns and rebates are recorded as a cost of sale, or a reduction to revenue, as applicable. These costs are based on historical trends and the provision is reviewed regularly and periodically adjusted to reflect changes in estimates. Certain contracts with customers may contain a financing component. Under ASC 606, an entity should adjust the promised amount of the consideration for the effects of time value of money if the timing of the payments agreed upon by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing for the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For certain payments associated with services provided under the Service Agreements, the length of time between receipt of payment by the customer and transfer of services by the Company was greater than one year. Accordingly, payments made by this customer included a significant financing component. The Company accreted interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the period in which these advance payments were outstanding. The rate in which interest is computed is based on rates implicit in the Service Agreements. For the Company's subscriber contracts, transactions with a significant financing component are infrequent as the time between cash collection and performance is generally less than one year. The following describes the principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue. Duplex Service Revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for monthly access fees in the period services are rendered. The Company offers certain annual plans whereby a customer prepays for a predetermined amount of minutes and data. In these cases, revenue is recognized consistent with a customer's expected pattern of usage based on historical experience because the Company believes that this method most accurately depicts the satisfaction of the Company's obligation to the customer. This usage pattern is typically seasonal and highest in the second and third calendar quarters of the year. The Company offers other annual plans whereby the customer is charged an annual fee to access the Company’s system with an unlimited amount of usage. Annual fees for unlimited plans are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. SPOT Service Revenue. The Company sells SPOT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the service term, beginning when the service is activated by the customer. Commercial IoT Service Revenue. The Company sells Commercial IoT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes revenue ratably over the service term or as service is used, beginning when the service is activated by the customer. Wholesale Capacity Service Revenue. The Company provides wholesale capacity services. The Company allocates the transaction price under the Service Agreements to each performance obligation generally in proportion to their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are performed, the timing of which may involve complex judgements by management. Although the Service Agreements have no expiration date, the Company estimated its contract term based on the useful life of its existing satellite network and the expected useful life of the new satellite network under construction. Equipment Revenue. Equipment revenue represents subscriber device sales, including fixed and mobile user terminals, SPOT and Commercial IoT products, and accessories. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment provided control has transferred to the customer. Indicators of transfer of control include, but are not limited to; 1) the Company’s right to payment, 2) the customer has legal title of the equipment, 3) the Company has transferred physical possession of the equipment to the customer or carrier, and 4) the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the equipment. The Company sells equipment designed to work on its network through various channels, including through partners as well as direct to consumers or other businesses by its global sales team and through its e-commerce website. The sales channel depends primarily on the type of equipment and geographic region. Promotional rebates are offered from time to time. A reduction to revenue is recorded to reflect the lower transaction price based on an estimate of the customer take rate at the time of the sale using primarily historical data. This estimate is adjusted periodically to reflect actual rebates given to the Company’s customers. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of subscriber equipment sales. Engineering and Other Service Revenue. Other service revenue includes primarily revenue associated with engineering and other communication services using the Company's MSS and terrestrial spectrum licenses. The revenue associated with these engineering services is generally recorded over time as the services are rendered, and the Company's obligation to the customer is satisfied. Multiple-Element Arrangement Contracts. At times, the Company will sell subscriber equipment through multiple-element arrangement contracts with services. When the Company sells subscriber equipment and services in bundled arrangements and determines that it has separate performance obligations, the Company allocates the bundled contract price among the various performance obligations based on relative stand-alone selling prices at contract inception of the distinct goods or services underlying each performance obligation and recognizes revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense in the financial statements for both employee and non-employee share-based awards based on the grant date fair value of those awards and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant. For restricted stock awards and units, the fair value is determined from the stock price on the grant date. For existing market-based awards, the fair value was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation model on the grant date. For share-based awards with a performance condition that affects vesting, the Company recognizes compensation cost for awards if and when the performance condition is probable of achievement. Expense associated with awards with market-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the lesser of the derived service period or the explicit service period if one is present. If the market condition is satisfied prior to the end of the requisite service period, the Company will accelerate all remaining expense to be recognized.
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s foreign consolidated subsidiaries is generally their local currency, except in certain scenarios, including when the subsidiary operates in a hyperinflationary economy, such as Argentina. Assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
Asset Retirement Obligation	Asset Retirement Obligation Liabilities arising from legal obligations associated with the retirement of the Company's gateway long-lived assets are measured at fair value and recorded as a liability. Upon initial recognition of a liability for retirement obligations, the Company also capitalizes, as part of the asset carrying amount, the estimated costs associated with its expected retirement. This asset is depreciated over the life of the gateway to be retired. Accretion of the asset retirement obligation liability and depreciation of the related assets are included in depreciation, amortization and accretion in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Warranty Expense	Warranty Expense Warranty terms extend from 90 days on equipment accessories to one year for fixed and mobile user terminals. A provision for estimated future warranty costs is recorded as cost of sales when products are shipped. Warranty costs are based on historical trends in warranty charges as a percentage of gross product shipments.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs were $1.4 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of increase in research and development costs are associated with costs incurred pursuant to the SSA under the License Agreement (as defined and discussed further in Note 2: License Agreement). Research and development costs are expensed as incurred as cost of services and include primarily the cost of new product development, chip set design and other engineering work.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. tax purposes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date; however, as the Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, there is no impact to the consolidated statements of operations and balance sheets. The Company recognizes valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the likelihood of realization, management considers: (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (iii) taxable income in prior carry-back year(s) if carry-back is permitted under applicable tax law; and (iv) tax planning strategies.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Comprehensive Income (Loss) All components of comprehensive income (loss), including the foreign currency translation adjustment, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the change in Accumulated other comprehensive income resulted from foreign currency translation adjustments; no amounts were reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive income during these periods.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share	Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In periods of net income, the numerator used to calculate diluted EPS includes the effect of dilutive securities, including interest expense, net, and derivative gains or losses reflected in net income (loss) as well as the effect of dividends attributable to preferred shareholders. Common stock equivalents are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share only when the effect of their inclusion would be dilutive. Prior to their conversion, the effect of potentially dilutive common shares for the Company's convertible notes were calculated using the if-converted method. Generally, for all other potentially dilutive common shares, the effect is calculated using the treasury stock method.
Goodwill	Goodwill For acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is not amortized in accordance with the requirements of ASC 350. Goodwill is required to be allocated amongst reporting units and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. All of the Company's goodwill is assigned to Globalstar's MSS business, its only reportable segment. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis on November 30 of each fiscal year and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test on November 30, 2023 and determined there was no impairment as of that date. Additionally, the Company is not aware of any additional triggering events. The Company's goodwill impairment test is prepared using a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company considers significant unfavorable industry or economic trends as factors in deciding when to perform an impairment test. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, it is not necessary to measure and record an impairment loss. If a goodwill impairment test is necessary, the fair value of the reporting unit, which is determined using an income approach based on the present value of discounted cash flows, is compared to its carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss.
Intangible and Other Assets	Intangible and Other Assets Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization A significant portion of the Company's intangible assets are licenses that provide the Company the exclusive right to provide MSS services over the Globalstar System or to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless communication services in a particular region of the world. While licenses are issued for only a fixed time, such licenses are subject to renewal by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") or equivalent international regulatory authorities. These license renewals are expected to occur routinely and at nominal cost. Moreover, the Company has determined that there are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of its wireless licenses. As a result, the Company treats the wireless licenses as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company re-evaluates the useful life determination for wireless licenses annually, or more frequently if needed, to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The Company assesses these intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. In assessing whether it is more likely than not that such an asset is impaired, the Company assesses relevant events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the asset. If the Company determines that an impairment exists, any related loss is estimated based on fair values. Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization Our intangible assets that do not have indefinite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. For information related to each major class of intangible assets, including accumulated amortization and estimated average useful lives, see Note 6: Intangible and Other Assets. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an indicator is present, the Company would measure recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the asset is not recoverable, the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying amount and the carrying amount would be adjusted down to its fair value.
Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain and Fulfill Contracts	Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain and Fulfill Contracts The Company capitalizes incremental costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract to the extent it expects to recover them. For subscriber-driven contracts, these capitalized contract acquisition costs primarily include deferred subscriber acquisition costs and are amortized consistently with the pattern of transfer of the good or delivery of the service to which the asset relates. For wholesale capacity services, the Company capitalizes costs incurred by the Company prior to the customer benefiting from the service. If a contract terminates prior to the end of its expected life, the remaining capitalized contract costs associated with it becomes impaired and the amount is expensed. For subscriber driven revenue, total contract acquisition costs were $1.2 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are recorded in "Intangible and other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These costs are typically amortized to marketing, general and administrative expenses over three years, which considers anticipated contract renewals. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the amount of amortization related to contract acquisition costs was $0.7 million, $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For wholesale capacity services, total costs to fulfill the customer contract associated with the Service Agreements were $5.7 million and $4.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are recorded in "Intangible and other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These costs are typically amortized to cost of services and marketing, general and administrative expenses over the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services provided.
Advertising Expenses	Advertising Expenses Advertising costs were $2.8 million, $2.0 million and $2.3 million for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. These costs are expensed as incurred as marketing, general and administrative expenses.
Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This ASU also explicitly requires public entities with a single reportable segment to provide all segment disclosures under ASC 280, including the new disclosures in this ASU. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact this ASU may have on its financial statement disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which updates qualitative and quantitative disclosures for the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. The Company will adopt this standard when it becomes effective on January 1, 2025. The Company is evaluating the impact this ASU may have on its financial statement disclosures. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04: Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, goodwill impairment will be tested by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. ASU 2017-04 should be applied prospectively and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Prior to August 2023, the Company did not have any recorded goodwill on its consolidated balance sheets. In connection with the License Agreement (discussed in Note 2: License Agreement) entered into in August 2023, the Company recorded goodwill and is now subject to the guidance pursuant to ASU 2017-04. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 effective July 1, 2023. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04: Liabilities — Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. ASU 2022-04 added certain disclosure requirements for buyers in supplier finance programs. The amendments in the update require that buyers disclose qualitative and quantitative information about their supplier finance programs. Interim and annual requirements include disclosure of outstanding amounts under the obligations as of the end of the reporting period, and annual requirements include a rollforward of those obligations for the annual reporting period, as well as a description of payment and other key terms of the programs. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement to disclose rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2023 and revised its disclosures pursuant ASU 2022-04.
Derivatives, Embedded Derivatives	The fair value of each embedded derivative is marked-to-market at the end of each reporting period, or more frequently as deemed necessary, with any changes in value reported in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows as a non-cash operating activity. The instruments and related features embedded in the debt instruments that are required to be accounted for as derivatives are described below.
Fair Value Measurement	The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements relating to financial and non-financial assets and liabilities, including presentation of required disclosures herein. This guidance establishes a fair value framework requiring the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets and liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Cash flows provided by operating activities:

Net loss

$ (24,718)

$ (256,915)

$ (112,625)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation, amortization and accretion

88,191

93,884

96,237

Stock-based compensation expense

22,489

10,754

6,729

Noncash consideration, net, associated with wholesale capacity contract

(3,210)

(292)

Reduction in the value of long-lived assets and inventory

363

175,079

1,246

Noncash interest and accretion expense

14,739

30,231

38,459

Noncash portion of loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt

10,194

(2,790)

(3,098)

Loss on equity issuance

5,010

Noncash expenses associated with SSA, net of amortization

3,070

Unrealized foreign currency (gain) loss

(4,972)

6,615

6,394

Other, net

(816)

762

(464)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable

12,693

(1,009)

1,361

Inventory

(4,154)

(2,380)

(80)

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

(3,235)

952

(5,266)

Other assets

610

(183)

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

(3,408)

(11,371)

(3,647)

Payables to affiliates

133

(118)

(136)

Other non-current liabilities

(53)

(2,561)

(609)

Deferred revenue

(38,585)

23,142

107,298

Net cash provided by operating activities

74,341

63,800

131,881

Cash flows used in investing activities:

Payments under the satellite procurement agreement

(135,939)

(14,000)

Payments for other network upgrades to support the Service Agreements

(22,859)

(18,233)

(37,037)

Payments of capitalized interest

(8,810)

(395)

Payments for network upgrades to support product development

(6,907)

(7,076)

(6,307)

Sale of property and equipment

350

Purchase of intangible assets

(1,097)

(643)

(1,797)

Net cash used in investing activities

(175,612)

(39,952)

(45,186)

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Proceeds from 2023 13% Notes

190,000

Proceeds from 2023 Funding Agreement

117,253

Principal payments of 2021 Funding Agreement

(12,500)

Dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock

(11,942)

Payments for debt and equity issuance costs

(8,556)

(626)

(286)

Net proceeds from equity plan transactions

(181)

919

747

Net proceeds from common stock offering and exercise of warrants

43,678

Premium refund from the 2009 Facility Agreement

2,569

Net cash provided (used in) by financing activities

125,793

(6,048)

(140,282)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

140

(22)

(132)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

24,662

17,778

(53,719)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

32,082

^[1]

14,304

^[1]

68,023

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

^[1]

56,744

32,082

14,304

Cash paid for:

Interest

13,512

5,534

Income taxes

333

197

188

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:

Increase in capitalized accrued interest for network upgrades

5,603

12,164

2,973

Capitalized accretion of debt discount and amortization of prepaid financing costs

5,429

1,830

612

Satellite construction assets acquired through vendor financing arrangement

59,822

Satellite construction assets in accrued expenses

58,187

36,139

Principal amount of 2019 Facility Agreement converted into preferred equity

149,425

Forgiveness of principal and interest of PPP Loan

5,030

Re-characterization of 2021 Funding Agreement to debt due to 2023 amendment

87,950

Construction in progress assets acquired through XCOM SSA

2,776

Fair value of warrants issued to Thermo for the guarantee associated with the 2023 Funding Agreement

5,010

Lease Agreements

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:

Fair value of common stock issued

58,534

SSA

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:

Fair value of common stock issued

11,887

2019 Facility Agreement

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Repayments of credit facility

(148,281)

(6,341)

2009 Facility Agreement

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Repayments of credit facility

$ 0

$ (186,990)

[1]	Cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet is equal to cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows

Intangible and Other Assets - Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract (Note 1)	$ 6,886	$ 1,770
Long-term accounts receivable	5,094	0
International tax receivables (Note 13)	2,791	3,552
Embedded derivative assets within the 2023 Funding Agreement (Note 8)	1,295	0
Other long-term assets	3,703	2,696
Total other assets	$ 19,769	$ 8,018

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property And Equipment

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Globalstar System:
Space component	$	1,230,975	$	1,246,343
Ground component	106,757		102,567
Construction in progress:
Space component	240,732		110,068
Ground component	6,814		5,316
Other	9,574		9,167
Total Globalstar System	1,594,852		1,473,461
Internally developed and purchased software	23,310		22,509
Equipment	11,905		8,042
Land and buildings	2,677		1,681
Leasehold improvements	2,147		2,083
Total property and equipment	1,634,891		1,507,776
Accumulated depreciation	(1,010,889)		(947,405)
Total property and equipment, net	$	624,002	$	560,371

In 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with MDA for the purchase of new satellites that will replenish the Company's HIBLEO-4 U.S.-licensed system. In 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with SpaceX providing for the launch of the first set of satellites under the agreement with MDA. Refer to Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion of these agreements.

The table below reflects the amounts recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Satellite Procurement Agreement
Construction in progress	$	198,884	$	98,491
Vendor financing liability	—		59,575
Accrued construction costs	55,627		36,386
Prepaid construction costs	6,683		11,470

Launch Services Agreement
Construction in progress	$	6,400	$	—
Accrued construction costs	2,560		—
Prepaid construction costs	5,760		—

Construction in progress costs are recorded in the "space component" of construction in progress in the table above. These costs include milestones completed under the Satellite Procurement Agreement and Launch Services Agreement as well as associated personnel costs and capitalized interest. Accrued construction costs reflect work completed, but not yet invoiced under the agreements. Prepaid construction costs reflect costs for milestone payments not yet completed and are recorded in Prepaid satellite costs and customer receivable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

The ground component of construction in progress includes costs incurred for assets to upgrade the Company's ground infrastructure, including costs associated with the procurement of new gateway antennas and gateway upgrade work in connection with the Service Agreements.

Capitalized Interest and Depreciation Expense

The following table summarizes capitalized interest for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Interest cost eligible to be capitalized	$	39,143	$	45,609	$	47,580
Interest cost recorded in interest income (expense), net	(15,271)		(29,836)		(43,325)
Net interest capitalized	$	23,872	$	15,773	$	4,255

The following table summarizes depreciation expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Depreciation Expense	$	87,213	$	85,475	$	84,225

The following table summarizes amortization expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Amortization Expense	$	978	$	8,409	$	12,012

During 2022, the Company wrote down the value of certain second-generation ground assets, including intangible assets. Accordingly the amortization expense decreased during 2023 associated with these assets.

Geographic Location of Property and Equipment

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and are attributed to various countries based on the physical location of the asset, except for the Company’s satellites which are included in the long-lived assets of the United States. The Company’s information by geographic area is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Property and equipment:
North America	$	581,535	$	524,880
Central and South America	16,122		12,678
Africa	12,379		11,507
Asia Pacific	11,411		8,913
Europe	2,555		2,393
Total property and equipment	$	624,002	$	560,371

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses

The following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,892	$	2,962	$	4,352
Provision, net of recoveries	519		1,087		409
Write-offs and other adjustments	(1,099)		(1,157)		(1,799)
Balance at end of period	$	2,312	$	2,892	$	2,962

Accrued Expenses and Other Non-current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2019
Accrued expenses:
Accrued compensation and benefits	$ 4,307		$ 4,967
Accrued property and other taxes	5,586		3,293
Accrued customer liabilities and deposits	4,284		5,233
Accrued professional and other service provider fees	2,010		1,190
Accrued inventory	1,210		874
Short-term lease liability	3,004		2,747
Accrued interest	3,942		1,291
Other accrued expenses	2,615		2,959
Accrued expenses	26,958		22,554
Non-current liabilities:
Asset retirement obligations (Note 1)	2,951		2,953
Accrued interest	7,429		0
Deferred tax liability (Note 13)	329		322
Foreign tax contingencies	503		530
Other	53		68
Total other non-current liabilities	11,265		3,995
2019 Facility Agreement
Accrued expenses:
Loan interest rate				14.00%
Non-current liabilities:
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement (Note 8 and Note 9)	$ 0		$ 122
2023 13% Notes
Accrued expenses:
Loan interest rate	13.00%	13.00%

Long-term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Principal Amount		Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs		Carrying Value		Principal Amount		Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs		Carrying Value
2023 Funding Agreement	$	117,253	$	15,433	$	101,820	$	—	$	—	$	—
2021 Funding Agreement	75,450		6,888		68,562		—		—		—
2023 13% Notes	205,958		16,040		189,918		—		—		—
2019 Facility Agreement	—		—		—		143,213		11,098		132,115
Vendor financing	—		—		—		59,575		—		59,575
Total debt and vendor financing	398,661		38,361		360,300		202,788		11,098		191,690
Less: current portion	34,600		—		34,600		59,575		—		59,575
Long-term debt and vendor financing	$	364,061	$	38,361	$	325,700	$	143,213	$	11,098	$	132,115

The table below outlines the components of the draws made under the 2023 Funding Agreement at funding (amounts in thousands):


	April 2023		November 2023
Principal	$	87,730	$	29,523
Debt Discount - Thermo Guarantee	(6,897)		(1,967)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship	(4,509)		(3,290)
Debt (Discount) Premium - Embedded Derivative	(341)		49
Fair Value at Issuance	$	75,983	$	24,315

The table below outlines the components of the 2021 Funding Agreement upon amendment (amounts in thousands):


Principal	$	94,200
Less: Amount Repaid Prior to Amendment	(6,250)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship	(11,626)
Fair Value at Issuance	$	76,324

Schedule of short-term debt

Reflected in the table below is a rollforward of the Company's obligations under its vendor financing arrangement with MDA (amounts in thousands):


	2023		2022
Confirmed obligations outstanding, January 1, 2023 and 2022, respectively	$	59,575	$	—
Invoices confirmed during the periods	—		73,575
Confirmed invoices paid during the periods	(59,575)		(14,000)
Confirmed obligations outstanding, December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	$	—	$	59,575

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt

Annual debt maturities for each of the five years following December 31, 2023 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):


2024	$	34,600
2025	44,023
2026	41,222
2027	34,972
2028	34,972
Thereafter	208,872
Total	$	398,661

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69E
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2

Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-1A

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-3

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 470
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480848/942-470-50-3

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-8

Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-7

+ Details

Taxes - Schedule of U.S. and Foreign Components of Income (Loss) Before Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. loss	$ (30,086)	$ (232,148)	$ (79,452)
Foreign income (loss)	6,491	(24,694)	(33,472)
Loss before income taxes	$ (23,595)	$ (256,842)	$ (112,924)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479557/942-235-S99-1

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-SubTopic 20
-Topic 940
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481913/940-20-25-1

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

+ Details

Derivatives	12 Months Ended
Derivatives	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivatives	8. DERIVATIVES The Company has identified various embedded derivatives resulting from certain features in the Company’s borrowing arrangements, requiring recognition on its consolidated balance sheets. None of these derivative instruments are designated as a hedge. Derivative liabilities are recorded in "Other non-current liabilities" or "Intangible and other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of each embedded derivative is marked-to-market at the end of each reporting period, or more frequently as deemed necessary, with any changes in value reported in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows as a non-cash operating activity. The instruments and related features embedded in the debt instruments that are required to be accounted for as derivatives are described below. See Note 9: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion. Embedded Derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement The 2023 Funding Agreement contains certain prepayment features that are required to be bifurcated and recorded as an embedded derivative on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount or premium that is netted against the principal amount of the draws under the 2023 Funding Agreement. As the Company makes a draw on the 2023 Funding Agreement, an associated embedded derivative is bifurcated and recorded. The Company determines the fair value of the embedded derivatives using a discounted cash flow model. As the discount yield and the effective interest rate of the loan fluctuates based on projected cash flows, the derivative may result in either a liability or an asset to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a derivative gain of $1.6 million, which is reflected in "Derivative gain (loss) and other" in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement were assets totaling $1.3 million. Compound Embedded Derivative within the 2019 Facility Agreement The 2019 Facility Agreement contained certain contingently exercisable put features that were required to be bifurcated and recorded as a compound embedded derivative. The Company determined the fair value of this derivative using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded derivative losses of $1.0 million and gains of $0.2 million, respectively, which is reflected in Derivative gain (loss) and other in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the compound embedded derivative within the 2019 Facility Agreement was $0.1 million. In November 2022, the Company exchanged a portion of the 2019 Facility Agreement into Series A Preferred Stock. In March 2023, the Company refinanced the remaining principal outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement with proceeds from the issuance of its 2023 13% Notes. As a result of this activity, the Company wrote off the embedded derivative associated with the 2019 Facility Agreement, which is included in "(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt" on the consolidated statement of operations; therefore, no balance remained as of December 31, 2023. See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements for further discussion. Compound Embedded Derivative within the 2013 8.00% Notes The 2013 8.00% Notes contained a conversion option and contingent put feature that were required to be bifurcated and recorded as a compound embedded derivative. The Company determined the fair value of the compound embedded derivative liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded derivative gains of $0.2 million and losses of $1.2 million, respectively, which is reflected in "Derivative gain (loss) and other" in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. During 2022, the compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes was extinguished; therefore no balance remained as of December 31, 2022.

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Stock Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 25, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total shares authorized for issuance (in shares)		20,600,000	9,800,000
Vesting period		3 years
Options, exercised, intrinsic value		$ 100	$ 400	$ 700
Proceeds from stock options exercised (less than)		100
Stock-based compensation		22,489	10,754	6,729
Accrued bonuses		$ 2,500
Issuance of stock through employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		13,600,000
Proceeds from stock plans		$ 900	700
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period		10 years
Options, outstanding, intrinsic value		$ 6,900
Weighted average remaining contractual term		5 years 3 months 18 days
Vested and expected to vest, outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 5,700
Weighted average remaining contractual term		4 years 8 months 12 days
Stock-based compensation		$ 500	500	500
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options		$ 600
Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period		1 year 7 months 6 days
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		1 year
Stock-based compensation		$ 13,100	$ 10,400	5,600
Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period		1 year 8 months 12 days
Performance-based restricted stock included in nonvested balance (in shares)		8,836,081	9,953,866
Fair value of restricted stock awards vested in period		$ 11,600	$ 14,600	8,600
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares		$ 10,200
Unites granted (in shares)		7,860,740
Award vested (in shares)		8,819,458
Award forfeited (in shares)		159,067
Restricted Stock \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Performance Based Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance-based restricted stock included in nonvested balance (in shares)		3,400,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation		$ 6,700
Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period		1 year 6 months
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares		$ 32,800
Unites granted (in shares)		44,500,000
Fair value of award	$ 39,500
Requisite service period	2 years 7 months 6 days	4 years
Award vested (in shares)		0
Award forfeited (in shares)		0
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total shares authorized for issuance (in shares)		20,000,000.0
Stock-based compensation		$ 400	$ 400	$ 400

Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements - Components of Funding Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 398,661				$ 202,788
Fair value at issuance	360,300				191,690
2023 Funding Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	117,253	$ 29,523	$ 87,730	$ 88,000	0
Debt Discount - Thermo Guarantee		(1,967)	(6,897)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship		(3,290)	(4,509)
Debt (Discount) Premium - Embedded Derivative		49	(341)
Fair value at issuance	101,820	$ 24,315	$ 75,983		0
2021 Funding Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	75,450				0	$ 94,200
Less: Amount Repaid Prior to Amendment						(6,250)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship						(11,626)
Fair value at issuance	$ 68,562				$ 0	$ 76,324

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69C
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69E
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69E

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69F
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69F

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1D
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1D
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1D
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.

+ References + Details

Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Taxes

13. TAXES

The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Current:
Federal tax	$	—	$	—	$	—
State tax	240		82		153
Foreign tax	850		(9)		7
Total	1,090		73		160
Deferred:
Federal and state tax	33		—		(459)
Foreign tax	—		—		—
Total	33		—		(459)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,123	$	73	$	(299)

U.S. and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes are presented below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. loss	$	(30,086)	$	(232,148)	$	(79,452)
Foreign income (loss)	6,491		(24,694)		(33,472)
Total loss before income taxes	$	(23,595)	$	(256,842)	$	(112,924)

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cumulative U.S., state and foreign net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards for income tax reporting purposes of approximately $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively. The vast majority of these NOL carryforwards were generated prior to 2018 and expire through 2041 (with less than 1% expiring prior to 2027) and the remaining NOL carryforwards do not expire.

The components of net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal and foreign NOL and credit carryforwards	$	467,282	$	479,884
Property and equipment and other long-term assets	(60,697)		(77,925)
Deferred revenue	28,147		25,774
Reserves and disallowed interest	3,081		8,919
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	437,813		436,652
Valuation allowance	(438,142)		(436,948)
Net deferred income tax liability	$	(329)	$	(296)

The deferred revenue tax asset in the table above is related to a portion of the prepayments made under the Service Agreements (see Note 3: Revenue to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion).

The change in the valuation allowance during 2023 of $1.2 million was due to depreciation driven to the difference between tax and book depreciable lives. Due to the limitation on utilization of state NOLs, the Company recorded deferred tax liabilities of $0.3 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The actual provision for income taxes differs from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Provision at U.S. statutory rate of 21%	$	(4,967)	$	(53,951)	$	(23,714)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(771)		(4,065)		(867)
Change in valuation allowance	(969)		43,500		15,991
Effect of foreign income tax at various rates	(131)		(133)		176
Permanent differences	5,923		8,229		4,993
Net change in permanent items due to provision to tax return	(731)		1,855		(569)
Adjustment to reserved deferred assets	2,104		4,607		1,969
Adjustment to state deferred rate	170		136		775
Withholding tax	502		—		—
Other	(7)		(105)		947
Total	$	1,123	$	73	$	(299)

Tax Audits

The Company operates in various U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. The process of determining its anticipated tax liabilities involves many calculations and estimates which are inherently complex. The Company believes that it has complied in all material respects with its obligations to pay taxes in these jurisdictions. However, its position is subject to review and possible challenge by the taxing authorities of these jurisdictions. If the applicable taxing authorities were to challenge successfully its current tax positions, or if there were changes in the manner in which the Company conducts its activities, the Company could become subject to material unanticipated tax liabilities. It may also become subject to additional tax liabilities as a result of changes in tax laws, which could in certain circumstances have a retroactive effect.

The Company's Canadian subsidiary is under audit for multiple tax years. The Company is working with the Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") to complete the audits. The CRA has completed its audit for the years ended October 31, 2016 and 2017 and assessed the Company for additional tax liabilities, which the Company is appealing. The Company's NOL in Canada would largely offset this tax liability to the extent that the Company is unsuccessful in its appeal. The years ended October 31, 2018 through December 31, 2022 remain under examination.

Except for the audit noted above, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is currently under audit by the IRS or by any state income tax jurisdiction in the United States. The Company's corporate U.S. tax returns for 2020 and subsequent years remain subject to examination by tax authorities. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of three to five years after filing of the respective return. The state impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states.

In the Company's international tax jurisdictions, numerous tax years remain subject to examination by tax authorities, including tax returns for 2015 and subsequent years in most of the Company's international tax jurisdictions.

There are no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Other

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not provided foreign withholding taxes on approximately $5.2 million of undistributed earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries indefinitely invested outside the U.S.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions of the Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The Company elected to account for GILTI tax in the period in which it is incurred and therefore has not provided any deferred tax impacts of GILTI in its consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a value added tax ("VAT") recoverable, of which the short term portion is included in prepaid and other current assets on its consolidated balance sheet totaling $2.2 million and $1.7 million,

respectively, and the long-term portion is included in intangible and other assets, net, on its consolidated balance sheet totaling $2.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively. This VAT recoverable is related primarily to certain payments for the purchase and importation of gateway equipment in various international jurisdictions in connection with the Company's network upgrade work.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($) satellite	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Payments to acquire other property, plant, and equipment		$ 6,907	$ 7,076	$ 6,307
Capital expenditure reimbursement, percentage	95.00%
Inventories
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Purchase obligation		$ 14,200
Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Construction in progress assets acquired through XCOM SSA	$ 4,900
Payments to acquire other property, plant, and equipment	3,700
Satellites
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Purchase obligation	$ 329,500
Minimum
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of satellites acquired \| satellite	17
Maximum
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of satellites acquired \| satellite	26

Intangible and Other Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible and Other Assets

6. INTANGIBLE AND OTHER ASSETS

Intangible Assets

The Company has intangible assets not subject to amortization, which include certain costs to obtain or defend regulatory authorizations. These costs primarily include efforts related to the enhancement of the Company's licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services as well as costs with international regulatory agencies to obtain similar terrestrial authorizations outside of the United States. The Company also has intangible assets subject to amortization, which primarily include developed technology and definite lived MSS licenses.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company's intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization	$	16,929	$	—	$	16,929	$	16,803	$	—	$	16,803

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Developed technology	$	12,170	$	(8,235)	$	3,935	$	9,113	$	(7,292)	$	1,821
Regulatory authorizations	5,370		(1,850)		3,520		3,722		(1,316)		2,406
Intellectual property assets in progress	25,980		—		25,980		—		—		—
Other intangible assets in progress	10,289		—		10,289		9,377		—		9,377
	$	53,809	$	(10,085)	$	43,724	$	22,212	$	(8,608)	$	13,604

Total	$	70,738	$	(10,085)	$	60,653	$	39,015	$	(8,608)	$	30,407

During 2023, intellectual property assets in progress were assumed in the License Agreement (discussed further in Note 2: License Agreement). As of December 31, 2023, these assets were still in the development phase and will be amortized over their useful lives once placed into service.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded amortization expense on these intangible assets of $1.4 million. Amortization expense is recorded in operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Excluding the effects of any acquisitions, dispositions or write-downs subsequent to December 31, 2023, total estimated annual amortization of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):


2024	$	1,575
2025	1,254
2026	1,225
2027	1,161
2028	646
Thereafter	1,594
Total	$	7,455

Goodwill

As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of goodwill was $30.6 million and is associated with the Company's only operating segment, its MSS business. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. This goodwill was recorded during 2023 in connection with the License Agreement (refer to Note 2: License Agreement for further discussion) and represented the excess of the purchase price of the net identifiable assets acquired. At the transaction date, the goodwill was attributable to the workforce of the acquired entity and significant synergies. There were no material changes to the value of goodwill between the initial purchase date, August 29, 2023, and December 31, 2023. The Company's annual goodwill impairment test was completed on November 30, 2023 and the qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely-than-not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value of goodwill.

Other Assets

Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract (Note 1)	$	6,886	$	1,770
Long-term accounts receivable	5,094		—
International tax receivables (Note 13)	2,791		3,552
Embedded derivative assets within the 2023 Funding Agreement (Note 8)	1,295		—
Other long-term assets	3,703		2,696
Total other assets	$	19,769	$	8,018

Long-term accounts receivable represents an unconditional right to consideration for equipment delivered to one customer that will be billed over the next five years; the long-term portion represents the amount that will be billed beyond the next twelve months. Other long-term assets include primarily ERP implementation costs, recoverable tariffs and other long-term deposits.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Write-down of inventory		$ 0	$ 8,553,000	$ 1,004,000
Inventory		14,582,000	9,264,000
Contract with customer asset		46,700,000	52,700,000
Warrants and rights outstanding, amortization of fair value adjustment		2,600,000	200,000
Net foreign currency translation adjustment		(4,172,000)	5,279,000	4,424,000
Foreign currency gain (loss)		4,862,000	(6,592,000)	(6,308,000)
Asset retirement obligation		2,951,000	2,953,000
Asset retirement obligation, additions		0
Asset retirement obligation, settlements		0
Research and development expense		1,400,000	500,000	1,000,000
Goodwill impairment	$ 0
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		$ 6,886,000	1,770,000
Capitalized contract costs, amortization period		3 years
Capitalized contract cost, amortization on previously capitalized costs		$ 700,000	1,200,000	2,100,000
Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract, amortization		400,000	100,000	0
Advertising costs		2,800,000	2,000,000	$ 2,300,000
Subscriber equipment sales
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		1,200,000	1,000,000
Service revenue
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Contract with customer asset		$ 5,700,000	4,500,000
Service receivable
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, payment terms		30 days
Procure goods, perform services upon partner sale, receivable
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, payment terms		45 days
Revenue benchmark \| Customer concentration risk \| Wholesale capacity customer
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		49.00%
Accounts receivable \| Customer concentration risk \| Wholesale capacity customer
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		69.00%
Accounts receivable \| Customer concentration risk \| Value added resellers
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		15.00%
Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Remaining lease term		1 year
Warranty term		90 days
Minimum \| Equipment sales, receivable
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, payment terms		30 days
Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Remaining lease term		18 years
Warranty term		1 year
Maximum \| Equipment sales, receivable
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, payment terms		60 days
Space component
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		15 years
Ground component \| Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		7 years
Ground component \| Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		15 years
Software, Facilities and Equipment \| Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		3 years
Software, Facilities and Equipment \| Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		10 years
Building
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		18 years
Duplex Finished Goods, Chips, and Component Parts
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory			6,900,000
Prepaid inventory, current			$ 1,600,000

Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (24,718)	$ (256,915)	$ (112,625)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Defined benefit pension plan liability adjustment	0	2,073	410
Net foreign currency translation adjustment	(4,172)	5,279	4,424
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,172)	7,352	4,834
Total comprehensive loss	$ (28,890)	$ (249,563)	$ (107,791)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 223,808,000	$ 148,504,000	$ 124,297,000
Operating expenses:
Cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory	0	8,553,000	1,004,000
Marketing, general and administrative	43,458,000	33,349,000	34,629,000
Stock-based compensation	22,489,000	10,754,000	6,729,000
Reduction in the value of long-lived assets	363,000	166,526,000	242,000
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	88,191,000	93,884,000	96,237,000
Total operating expenses	223,973,000	369,533,000	189,800,000
Loss from operations	(165,000)	(221,029,000)	(65,503,000)
Other (expense) income:
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt	(10,403,000)	2,790,000	3,098,000
Loss on equity issuance	(5,010,000)	0	0
Interest income and expense, net of amounts capitalized	(14,609,000)	(30,168,000)	(43,536,000)
Foreign currency gain (loss)	4,862,000	(6,592,000)	(6,308,000)
Derivative gain (loss) and other	1,730,000	(1,843,000)	(675,000)
Total other expense	(23,430,000)	(35,813,000)	(47,421,000)
Loss before income taxes	(23,595,000)	(256,842,000)	(112,924,000)
Income tax expense (benefit)	1,123,000	73,000	(299,000)
Net loss	(24,718,000)	(256,915,000)	(112,625,000)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders (Note 14)	$ (35,323,000)	$ (258,252,000)	$ (112,625,000)
Net loss per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.06)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.06)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	1,835,005	1,800,825	1,765,139
Diluted (in shares)	1,835,005	1,800,825	1,765,139
Service revenue
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 204,196,000	$ 132,068,000	$ 106,464,000
Operating expenses:
Cost of goods and services	53,499,000	43,370,000	37,372,000
Subscriber equipment sales
Revenue:
Revenue	19,612,000	16,436,000	17,833,000
Operating expenses:
Cost of goods and services	$ 15,973,000	$ 13,097,000	$ 13,587,000

Leases - Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average lease term, Finance leases	3 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted-average lease term, Operating leases	9 years 9 months 18 days	10 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate, Finance leases	10.20%	10.20%
Weighted-average discount rate, Operating leases	8.60%	8.50%

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 56,744	$ 32,082
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,312 and $2,892, respectively	48,743	26,329
Inventory	14,582	9,264
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	22,584	13,569
Total current assets	142,653	81,244
Property and equipment, net	624,002	560,371
Operating lease right of use assets, net	34,164	30,859
Prepaid satellite costs and customer receivable	12,443	27,570
Intangible and other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $12,385 and $10,908, respectively	111,047	38,425
Total assets	924,309	738,469
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	34,600	0
Accounts payable	2,027	3,843
Vendor financing	0	59,575
Accrued expenses	26,958	22,554
Accrued satellite construction costs	58,187	36,139
Payables to affiliates	459	326
Deferred revenue, net	53,677	74,639
Total current liabilities	175,908	197,076
Long-term debt	325,700	132,115
Operating lease liabilities	29,244	27,635
Deferred revenue, net	3,213	62,877
Other non-current liabilities	11,265	3,995
Total non-current liabilities	369,422	226,622
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	2,438,703	2,345,612
Accumulated other comprehensive income	5,070	9,242
Retained deficit	(2,064,982)	(2,040,264)
Total stockholders’ equity	378,979	314,771
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	924,309	738,469
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	$ 188	$ 181

Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

3. REVENUE

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table discloses revenue disaggregated by type of product and service (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Service revenue:
Subscriber services
Duplex	$	25,932	$	29,222	$	31,197
SPOT	44,184		45,670		46,040
Commercial IoT	22,867		19,516		17,951
Wholesale capacity services	109,067		34,913		8,945
Engineering and other services	2,146		2,747		2,331
Total service revenue	204,196		132,068		106,464

Subscriber equipment sales:
SPOT	7,724		5,888		9,427
Commercial IoT	11,866		10,132		7,169
Other	22		416		1,237
Total subscriber equipment sales	19,612		16,436		17,833

Total revenue	$	223,808	$	148,504	$	124,297

The Company is the operator for certain satellite-enabled services offered by Apple ("Partner") (the "Services") pursuant to the agreement (the “Service Agreement”) and certain related ancillary agreements (such agreements, together with the Service Agreement, the “Service Agreements”). The Service Agreements generally require Globalstar to allocate network capacity to support the Services, which launched in November 2022. Revenue associated with the Service Agreements is included in "Wholesale capacity services" in the table above.

As consideration for the services provided by Globalstar under the Service Agreements, payments include a recurring service fee, payments relating to certain service-related operating expenses and capital expenditures, and potential bonus payments subject to satisfaction of certain licensing, service and other related criteria. During 2023, revenue recognized included $6.5 million received in connection with the amendment of the Service Agreements in February 2023 as consideration related to performance obligations completed in prior periods.

The Company attributes equipment revenue to various countries based on the location where equipment is sold. Service revenue is generally attributed to the various countries based on the Globalstar entity that holds the customer contract. Revenue does not reflect our intercompany transactions; such intercompany transactions reflect globally accepted transfer pricing principles and align profits with the business operations and functions of the various legal entities in our international business. The following table discloses revenue disaggregated by geographical market (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Service revenue:
United States	$	170,621	$	99,735	$	75,053
Canada	16,058		17,421		17,913
Europe	6,856		6,428		7,300
Central and South America	9,978		7,961		5,447
Others	683		523		751
Total service revenue	204,196		132,068		106,464

Subscriber equipment sales:
United States	$	8,599	$	7,981	$	10,238
Canada	5,153		4,740		3,029
Europe	2,985		1,870		2,018
Central and South America	2,863		1,793		2,487
Others	12		52		61
Total subscriber equipment sales	19,612		16,436		17,833

Total revenue	$	223,808	$	148,504	$	124,297

Accounts Receivable

Receivables are included in "Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets except for the long-term portion of the wholesale capacity accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022, which was included in "Prepaid satellite costs and customer receivable." The Company's receivable balances by type and classification are presented in the table below net of allowance for credit losses and may include amounts related to earned but unbilled receivables (amounts in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
Subscriber accounts receivable	$	14,474	$	14,850
Wholesale capacity accounts receivable	33,521		7,234
Agency agreement accounts receivable	748		4,245
Total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses	$	48,743	$	26,329
Long-term wholesale capacity accounts receivable	—		16,100
Total accounts receivable (short-term and long-term), net of allowance for credit losses	$	48,743	$	42,429

During 2023, the Company reclassified $16.1 million of accounts receivable associated with the Service Agreements from long-term accounts receivable to short-term accounts receivable. This balance is associated with amounts that are contractually owed to the Company for meeting performance obligations related to the next-generation satellite constellation prior to the Phase 2 Service Period. The Company expects that this amount will be paid during the next twelve months.

In February 2022, the Company entered into an agreement for the purchase of new satellites that will replenish the Company's HIBLEO-4 U.S.-licensed system under the satellite procurement agreement, as amended, with Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation ("MDA") and certain other costs incurred for the new satellites; these payments are expected to be paid to the Company on a straight-line basis commencing with the launch of these satellites through their estimated useful life ("Phase 2 Service Period"). Based on construction in progress incurred by Globalstar, amounts expected to be billed by the Company associated with this phase of the Service Agreements were $197.1 million as of December 31, 2023.

In prior year filings, the Company recorded a long-term unbilled receivable and related long-term deferred revenue reflecting its Partner’s obligation to fund certain construction costs to the Company associated with the satellites that are being constructed to provide service during the Phase 2 Service Period. During 2023, the Company revised this presentation and applied this change to its December 31, 2022 balance sheet. This change in accounting presentation has no impact on Partner’s obligation to provide funding for the satellite construction costs nor the expected revenue the Company will recognize during the Phase 2 Service Period.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities, which are included in deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, represent the Company’s obligation to transfer service or equipment to a customer from whom it has previously received consideration. Contract liabilities reflect balances from its customers, including MSS subscribers and its wholesale capacity customer under the Service Agreements. The Company's contract liabilities by type and classification are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Short-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities	$	22,816	$	21,987
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities	30,861		52,652
Total short-term contract liabilities	$	53,677	$	74,639
Long-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities	$	1,632	$	1,704
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net of contract asset	1,581		61,173
Total long-term contract liabilities	$	3,213	$	62,877
Total contract liabilities	$	56,890	$	137,516

For subscriber contract liabilities, the amount of revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 from performance obligations included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of these periods was $19.6 million and $23.4 million, respectively. For wholesale capacity contract liabilities, the amount of revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 from performance obligations included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of these periods was $44.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

The duration of the Company’s contracts with subscribers is generally one year or less. As of December 31, 2023, the Company expects to recognize $22.8 million of its remaining performance obligations to its subscribers during the next twelve months. The Service Agreements do not have a termination date; therefore, the related contract liabilities may be recognized into revenue over various periods driven by the expected related service or recoupment periods. As of December 31, 2023, the Company expects to recognize $30.9 million of its remaining performance obligations during the next twelve months.

The components of wholesale capacity contract liabilities are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net:
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the second-generation satellite constellation during Phase 1 (2)	$	5,219	$	99,671
Additional consideration associated with the 2021 and 2023 Funding Agreements (3)	16,104		—
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the ground spare satellite launched in June 2022 during Phases 1 and 2	23,673		25,438
Advanced payments contractually owed for services expected to be performed with the next-generation satellite constellation prior to the Phase 2 Service Period	14,204		22,540
Advanced payments for the Phase 1 service fee and service-related operating expenses and capital expenditures	19,907		18,872
Contract asset (1)	(46,665)		(52,696)
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net	$	32,442	$	113,825

(1)In November 2022, the Company issued Warrants with an initial fair value at the time of issuance of $48.3 million and recorded in equity with an offset to a contract asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Warrants is recorded as a reduction to revenue over the period in which the Company performs its performance obligations through the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services provided.

(2)During 2021, the Company received payments from Partner totaling $94.2 million (the "2021 Funding Agreement"). In February 2023, the Service Agreements were amended. This amendment, which was effective in April 2023, changed certain terms in the 2021 Funding Agreement, resulting in $88.0 million previously recorded as deferred revenue being re-characterized as debt. See further discussion in Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements.

(3)In connection with the Company recording the fair value of its financial obligations in the amended 2021 and 2023 Funding Agreements, it recorded a debt discount of $11.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, representing the difference between the present value of the future principal payments discounted using the prevailing market rate at the date of issuance of the debt and the effective rate. The offset was recorded to deferred revenue and is being recognized into revenue over the Phase 1 and 2 Service Periods, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Accrued Expenses and Other Non-current Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Non-current Liabilities

11. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	4,307	$	4,967
Accrued property and other taxes	5,586		3,293
Accrued customer liabilities and deposits	4,284		5,233
Accrued professional and other service provider fees	2,010		1,190
Accrued inventory	1,210		874
Short-term lease liability	3,004		2,747
Accrued interest	3,942		1,291
Other accrued expenses	2,615		2,959
Total accrued expenses	$	26,958	$	22,554

Accrued interest includes interest associated with the cash portion of the 13% Notes due in March 2024. Other accrued expenses include primarily vendor services, warranty reserve and occupancy costs.

Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Asset retirement obligations (Note 1)	$	2,951	$	2,953
Accrued interest	7,429		—
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement (Note 8 and Note 9)	—		122
Deferred tax liability (Note 13)	329		322
Foreign tax contingencies	503		530
Other	53		68
Total other non-current liabilities	$	11,265	$	3,995

Accrued interest includes interest associated with the PIK portion of the 13% Notes and the 2023 Funding Agreement. Foreign tax contingencies reflect primarily amounts owed by the Company's Brazilian subsidiary pursuant to refinancing programs in country.

Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended					3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Partnership agreement proceeds							$ 117,253,000	$ 0	$ 0
Principal amount							398,661,000	202,788,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt							$ 10,194,000	$ (2,790,000)	(3,098,000)
Vendor financing, payment terms					45 days
Vendor financing, percent of contract price deferred					23.00%
Vendor financing, payment period within due date					6 months
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)							0	0
Preferred stock							$ 0	$ 0
Payments of dividends							$ 11,942,000	$ 0	0
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)				149,425			149,425	149,425
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage				7.00%			7.00%
Preferred stock, liquidation preference (in USD per share)				$ 1,000
Preferred stock				$ 105,300,000			$ 0	$ 0
Payments of dividends							11,900,000	0
Subsequent event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Partnership agreement proceeds	$ 37,700,000
2023 Funding Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Partnership agreement, prepayment receivable			$ 252,000,000
Debt instrument, percentage funded by partner			50.00%
Partnership agreement, minimum liquidity requirement			$ 30,000,000
Principal amount			$ 88,000,000				117,253,000	0		$ 29,523,000	$ 87,730,000
2021 Funding Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount							75,450,000	0	$ 94,200,000
Reduction of debt amount							$ 12,500,000
2023 13% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 200,000,000
Loan interest rate		13.00%					13.00%
Issue price, percentage of principal		95.00%
Financing costs		$ 7,800,000
Interest rate, payable in cash		4.00%
Interest rate, payable in-kind		9.00%
Interest rate agreed upon, payable in cash		6.50%
Interest rate agreed upon, payable in-kind		6.50%
2023 13% Notes \| Prior to March 15, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage		100.00%
2023 13% Notes \| Beginning on the First Call Date
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage		103.00%
2023 13% Notes \| After March 15, 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage		100.00%
2023 13% Notes \| Event Of A Change Of Control
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price, percentage		101.00%
2019 Facility Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount							$ 0	$ 143,213,000				$ 199,000,000
Loan interest rate												14.00%
Extinguishment of debt		$ 148,000,000		$ 149,400,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt						$ 10,400,000

Cover - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 23, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33117
Entity Registrant Name	GLOBALSTAR, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	41-2116508
Entity Address, Address Line One	1351 Holiday Square Blvd.
Entity Address, City or Town	Covington
Entity Address, State or Province	LA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	70433
City Area Code	985
Local Phone Number	335-1500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	GSAT
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 0.7
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus (Q1,Q2,Q3,FY)	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001366868
Voting Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,900,000,000
Nonvoting Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		0

Intangible and Other Assets - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) customer
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	$ 1.4
Goodwill (included in intangible assets)	$ 30.6
Number of customers \| customer	1
Billing period	5 years

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements - Obligations Under Vendor Financing Arrangement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Vendor Financing Obligations [Roll Forward]
Vendor financing, beginning balance	$ 59,575	$ 0
Invoices confirmed during the periods	0	73,575
Confirmed invoices paid during the periods	(59,575)	(14,000)
Vendor financing, ending balance	$ 0	$ 59,575

License Agreement - Narrative (Details) - XCOM Labs, Inc. shares in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 29, 2023 USD ($) trading_day shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	60.6
Consideration transferred, equity interests issued	$ 68,700,000
Threshold trading days \| trading_day	20
Business combination, equity interest issued, amount	$ 70,400,000
Business combination, consideration transferred	58,500,000
Business combination, SSA, prepaid asset	$ 11,900,000
Business combination, SSA, service period	9 months
Liabilities assumed	$ 0
Business combination, acquisition related costs		$ 2,900,000
Common Stock, Restricted
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	18.8
Business combination, equity interest issued, amount	$ 19,000,000
Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	41.8
Business combination, equity interest issued, amount	$ 51,400,000

Taxes - Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current:
Federal tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State tax	240	82	153
Foreign tax	850	(9)	7
Total	1,090	73	160
Deferred:
Federal and state tax	33	0	(459)
Foreign tax	0	0	0
Total	33	0	(459)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 1,123	$ 73	$ (299)

Stock Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Option	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	8,099,885
Granted (in shares) \| shares	800,000
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(61,484)
Forfeited or expired (in shares) \| shares	(554,400)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	8,284,001
Exercisable at period end (in shares) \| shares	6,736,494
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.29
Granted (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	1.27
Exercised (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	0.70
Forfeited or expired (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	1.99
Outstanding, ending (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	1.24
Exercisable at period end (in USD per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.26

License Agreement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of purchase price allocation

The allocation of the purchase price on August 29, 2023 is reflected in the tables below (amounts in thousands):


Identifiable assets acquired
Developed intellectual property (included in intangible assets)	$	25,980
Other	1,929
Total identifiable assets acquired	$	27,909
Goodwill (included in intangible assets)	30,624
Net assets acquired	$	58,533

Schedule of intangible assets acquired

The table below reflects the intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful lives (amounts in thousands):


Intangible Asset	Initial Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life (years)
Trade name (included in Other in the table above)	$	560	5
Developed intellectual property	25,980		10

Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of reconciliation of basic weighted average share to diluted weighted average common shares outstanding



	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(24,718)	$	(256,915)	$	(112,625)
Effect of Series A Preferred Stock dividends	(10,605)		(1,337)		—
Adjusted net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(35,323)	$	(258,252)	$	(112,625)

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	1,835,005		1,800,825		1,765,139

Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.02)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.06)
Diluted	$	(0.02)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.06)

License Agreement - Schedule of intangible assets acquired (Details) - XCOM Labs, Inc. $ in Thousands	Aug. 29, 2023 USD ($)
Trade name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Initial Fair Value	$ 560
Weighted-Average Useful Life (years)	5 years
Developed intellectual property
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Initial Fair Value	$ 25,980
Weighted-Average Useful Life (years)	10 years

Intangible and Other Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company's intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization	$	16,929	$	—	$	16,929	$	16,803	$	—	$	16,803

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Developed technology	$	12,170	$	(8,235)	$	3,935	$	9,113	$	(7,292)	$	1,821
Regulatory authorizations	5,370		(1,850)		3,520		3,722		(1,316)		2,406
Intellectual property assets in progress	25,980		—		25,980		—		—		—
Other intangible assets in progress	10,289		—		10,289		9,377		—		9,377
	$	53,809	$	(10,085)	$	43,724	$	22,212	$	(8,608)	$	13,604

Total	$	70,738	$	(10,085)	$	60,653	$	39,015	$	(8,608)	$	30,407

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets, future amortization expense

Excluding the effects of any acquisitions, dispositions or write-downs subsequent to December 31, 2023, total estimated annual amortization of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):


2024	$	1,575
2025	1,254
2026	1,225
2027	1,161
2028	646
Thereafter	1,594
Total	$	7,455

Schedule of other assets

Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract (Note 1)	$	6,886	$	1,770
Long-term accounts receivable	5,094		—
International tax receivables (Note 13)	2,791		3,552
Embedded derivative assets within the 2023 Funding Agreement (Note 8)	1,295		—
Other long-term assets	3,703		2,696
Total other assets	$	19,769	$	8,018

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 223,808	$ 148,504	$ 124,297
Accounts receivable reclassified to current		16,100
Satellites
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, noncurrent		197,100
Wholesale capacity services
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 6,500	109,067	34,913	$ 8,945
Contract with customer, revenue recognized		44,100	800
Wholesale capacity services \| Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation		$ 30,900
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period		12 months
Subscriber driven
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract with customer, revenue recognized		$ 19,600	$ 23,400
Subscriber driven \| Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation		$ 22,800
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period		12 months

Property and Equipment - Capitalized Interest and Depreciation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Interest Costs Incurred [Abstract]
Interest cost eligible to be capitalized	$ 39,143	$ 45,609	$ 47,580
Interest cost recorded in interest income (expense), net	(15,271)	(29,836)	(43,325)
Net interest capitalized	23,872	15,773	4,255
Depreciation Expense	87,213	85,475	84,225
Amortization Expense	$ 978	$ 8,409	$ 12,012

Long-term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements

7. LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Principal Amount		Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs		Carrying Value		Principal Amount		Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs		Carrying Value
2023 Funding Agreement	$	117,253	$	15,433	$	101,820	$	—	$	—	$	—
2021 Funding Agreement	75,450		6,888		68,562		—		—		—
2023 13% Notes	205,958		16,040		189,918		—		—		—
2019 Facility Agreement	—		—		—		143,213		11,098		132,115
Vendor financing	—		—		—		59,575		—		59,575
Total debt and vendor financing	398,661		38,361		360,300		202,788		11,098		191,690
Less: current portion	34,600		—		34,600		59,575		—		59,575
Long-term debt and vendor financing	$	364,061	$	38,361	$	325,700	$	143,213	$	11,098	$	132,115

The principal amounts shown above include payment of in-kind interest, as applicable. The carrying value is net of deferred financing costs and any discounts to the loan amounts at issuance, including accretion. All amounts outstanding associated with the Company's vendor financing arrangement were due in March 2023 and, therefore, were reflected as a current liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the current portion of long-term debt is associated with the 2021 Funding Agreement and represents the amounts to be paid under the Service Agreements during the next twelve months.

2023 Funding Agreement

In February 2023, the Service Agreements were amended to provide for, among other things, payment of up to $252 million to the Company (the “2023 Funding Agreement”), which the Company will use to fund 50% of the amounts due under its agreement with MDA, as well as launch, insurance and ancillary costs incurred in connection with the construction and launch of these satellites. The 2023 Funding Agreement replaces the Company’s requirement to raise third-party financing for such costs as previously required under the Service Agreements and will be funded on a quarterly basis, as needed and subject to certain conditions in the agreement. The remaining amount of the satellite costs is expected to be funded from Globalstar’s operating cash flows.

Through December 31, 2023, payments under the 2023 Funding Agreement totaled $117.3 million. In February 2024, the Company received proceeds of $37.7 million.

The total amount paid to the Company under the 2023 Funding Agreement, including fees, is expected to be recouped from amounts payable under the Service Agreements. The total balance is expected to be recouped in installments for a period of 16 quarters beginning no later than the third quarter of 2025. The balance may also be repaid over time through excess cash flow sweeps or voluntary prepayments, as provided under the terms of the 2023 Funding Agreement. For as long as any amount funded under the 2023 Funding Agreement is outstanding, the Company will be subject to certain covenants, including (i) maintenance of a minimum cash balance of $30 million, (ii) interest coverage and leverage ratios, and (iii) other customary negative covenants, including limitations on certain asset transfers, expenditures and investments. The Company’s obligations under the 2023 Funding Agreement is also secured by a first priority lien over substantially all of the assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries.

Thermo has agreed to provide support of certain of the Company’s obligations under the 2023 Funding Agreement and certain other obligations under the Service Agreements. Entry into this guarantee agreement received shareholder approval in June 2023 and became effective in December 2023. See further discussion regarding Thermo's guarantee and the associated accounting conclusions in Note 12: Related Party Transactions.

The Company recorded the fair value of the 2023 Funding Agreement using a discounted cash flow model. The Company recorded debt discounts for the difference between the fair value of the debt and the proceeds received. This difference is attributed to the fair value of the Thermo guarantee (recorded as additional paid in capital) and the fair value of the economic benefit received due to the existing customer relationship (recorded as deferred revenue); both of these debt discounts are netted against the face value of the 2023 Funding Agreement. The Company is accreting the debt discounts to interest expense through the maturity date using an effective interest rate method.

Additionally, the prepayment features included in the 2023 Funding Agreement required bifurcation from the debt and were valued separately. The Company records the embedded derivative liability or asset as a non-current liability or asset on its consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount or premium, which is netted against the face value of the 2023 Funding Agreement. The debt discount or premium is accreted or amortized to interest expense or income through the maturity date using an effective interest rate method. Refer to Note 8: Derivatives and Note 9: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the compound embedded derivative bifurcated from the 2023 Funding Agreement.

As the Company makes additional draws under the 2023 Funding Agreement, the amount of each draw will be recorded at fair value and the Company will assess the fair value of embedded features within the debt.

The table below outlines the components of the draws made under the 2023 Funding Agreement at funding (amounts in thousands):


	April 2023		November 2023
Principal	$	87,730	$	29,523
Debt Discount - Thermo Guarantee	(6,897)		(1,967)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship	(4,509)		(3,290)
Debt (Discount) Premium - Embedded Derivative	(341)		49
Fair Value at Issuance	$	75,983	$	24,315

2021 Funding Agreement

During 2021, the Company received payments under the 2021 Funding Agreement totaling $94.2 million. In connection with the February 2023 amendment of the Service Agreements (discussed above), certain terms of the 2021 Funding Agreement

were amended to align with the terms of the 2023 Funding Agreement, including granting Partner a first-priority lien in substantially all of the assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries to secure the Company's repayment of amounts funded. This amendment resulted in the previously recorded deferred revenue being re-characterized as debt. On the amendment date, the Company recorded the funding under the 2021 Funding Agreement at fair value, net of a debt discount. The Company is accreting the debt discount to interest expense through the maturity date using an effective interest rate method.

During 2023, $12.5 million was recouped pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Funding Agreement, which reduced the principal amount outstanding under the agreement.

The table below outlines the components of the 2021 Funding Agreement upon amendment (amounts in thousands):


Principal	$	94,200
Less: Amount Repaid Prior to Amendment	(6,250)
Debt Discount - Customer Relationship	(11,626)
Fair Value at Issuance	$	76,324

2023 13% Notes

In March 2023, the Company completed the sale of $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of non-convertible 13% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2023 13% Notes”). The 2023 13% Notes were sold pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) among the Company, as issuer, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto (each, a “Subsidiary Guarantor” and collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), an affiliate of Värde Partners and the other purchasers party thereto (collectively, the “Purchasers”). The 2023 13% Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of March 31, 2023 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors, as guarantors, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.

The 2023 13% Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and have a stated maturity of September 15, 2029. The 2023 13% Notes were sold at an issue price of 95% of the principal amount of the 2023 13% Notes. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds to pay financing costs of $7.8 million, which were recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as a reduction in the carrying amount of the debt. The 2023 13% Notes bear interest initially at a rate of 13.00% per annum payable semi-annually in arrears. The Company is required to pay interest (i) at a rate per annum of 4.00% which must be paid in cash and (ii) at a rate per annum of 9.00% which may be paid either (a) in-kind (“PIK”) by increasing the principal amount of the 2023 13% Notes outstanding or (b) in cash, in such proportion as the Company may choose, with a step up in the PIK component of the interest if any 2023 13% Notes remain outstanding after March 15, 2028. Pursuant to the Service Agreements, the Company has agreed to pay cash interest on the 2023 13% Notes at a rate of 6.5% per annum and PIK interest at a rate of 6.5% per annum.

The 2023 13% Notes may be redeemed at the option of the Company at any time, subject to the conditions of the Indenture. Among other things, prior to March 15, 2025 (the “First Call Date”), the Company will be permitted to redeem the 2023 13% Notes in whole or in part at the redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2023 13% Notes redeemed plus a premium based on the net present value of the remaining interest payments through the First Call Date. Beginning on the First Call Date, the 2023 13% Notes may be redeemed at a redemption price equal to 103% of the principal amount, declining to 100% of the principal amount after March 15, 2027, in each case, together with accrued and unpaid interest.

Additionally, in the event of a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Indenture) or certain other events, holders of the 2023 13% Notes have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their 2023 13% Notes at a price (as calculated by the Company) in cash equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and certain tax payments. The Indenture includes customary terms and covenants, including restrictions on the Company’s and the Subsidiary Guarantors’ ability to incur indebtedness, make guarantees, sell equity interests, and customary events of default after which the holders may accelerate the maturity of the 2023 13% Notes and become due and payable immediately.

2019 Facility Agreement

In November 2019, the Company entered into a $199.0 million facility agreement with Thermo, an affiliate of EchoStar Corporation and certain other unaffiliated lenders (the "2019 Facility Agreement"). The 2019 Facility Agreement was

scheduled to mature in November 2025. The loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement bore interest at a rate of 14.0% per annum to be paid in kind (or in cash, at the option of the Company).

The Service Agreements required the Company to refinance all loans outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement. A portion was refinanced in November 2022 and the remaining portion was refinanced in March 2023. Using a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the 2023 13% Notes, the Company repaid all of its outstanding obligations under the 2019 Facility Agreement of approximately $148 million.

The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $10.4 million in the first quarter of 2023 representing the difference between the net carrying amount prior to extinguishment (including unamortized deferred financing costs, debt discounts and derivatives) and the reacquisition price of the debt.

The Company evaluated the various embedded derivatives within the 2019 Facility Agreement related to certain contingently exercisable put options. Due to the substantial discount upon issuance, as calculated under applicable accounting guidance, these prepayment features were required to be bifurcated and separately valued. The Company initially recorded the compound embedded derivative liability as a non-current liability on its consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding debt discount, which was netted against the face value of the 2019 Facility Agreement. The Company accreted the debt discount associated with the compound embedded derivative liability to interest expense through the maturity date, prior to its extinguishment, using an effective interest rate method. Refer to Note 8: Derivatives and Note 9: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the compound embedded derivative bifurcated from the 2019 Facility Agreement.

Vendor Financing

In February 2022, the Company entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA (see Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion). This agreement (as amended), which had original payment terms within 45 days, provided for deferrals of milestone payments through March 15, 2023. Deferred amounts represented approximately 23% of the initial contract price. Invoices to MDA were generally paid within six months of the due date. The Company paid the remaining balance during the first quarter of 2023.

Reflected in the table below is a rollforward of the Company's obligations under its vendor financing arrangement with MDA (amounts in thousands):


	2023		2022
Confirmed obligations outstanding, January 1, 2023 and 2022, respectively	$	59,575	$	—
Invoices confirmed during the periods	—		73,575
Confirmed invoices paid during the periods	(59,575)		(14,000)
Confirmed obligations outstanding, December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	$	—	$	59,575

Series A Preferred Stock

In November 2022, the Company issued 149,425 shares of its 7.0% Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, liquidation preference $1,000 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) in exchange for $149.4 million outstanding principal amount of its 2019 Facility Agreement held by affiliates of Thermo and certain other lenders. The Company recorded the Series A Preferred Stock at the fair value of the shares totaling $105.3 million on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock do not possess voting rights, other than certain matters specifically affecting the rights and obligations of the Series A Preferred.

Holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors or a committee thereof, cumulative cash dividends based on the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a fixed rate equal to 7.00% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears beginning on January 1, 2023. During 2023, the Company paid dividends approved by the Company's Board of Directors totaling $11.9 million. No dividends were paid in 2022.

Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed by the Company, in whole or in part, at any time. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock do not have any rights to convert or require the Company to redeem such stock. The holders of the Series A Preferred stock have customary liquidation preferences.

Debt maturities

Annual debt maturities for each of the five years following December 31, 2023 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):


2024	$	34,600
2025	44,023
2026	41,222
2027	34,972
2028	34,972
Thereafter	208,872
Total	$	398,661

Amounts in the above table are calculated based on amounts outstanding at December 31, 2023, and therefore exclude future paid-in-kind interest payments and future draws pursuant to the 2023 Funding Agreement and assume recoupments as scheduled under the 2021 and 2023 Funding Agreements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 470
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of revenue disaggregated by product and services

The following table discloses revenue disaggregated by type of product and service (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Service revenue:
Subscriber services
Duplex	$	25,932	$	29,222	$	31,197
SPOT	44,184		45,670		46,040
Commercial IoT	22,867		19,516		17,951
Wholesale capacity services	109,067		34,913		8,945
Engineering and other services	2,146		2,747		2,331
Total service revenue	204,196		132,068		106,464

Subscriber equipment sales:
SPOT	7,724		5,888		9,427
Commercial IoT	11,866		10,132		7,169
Other	22		416		1,237
Total subscriber equipment sales	19,612		16,436		17,833

Total revenue	$	223,808	$	148,504	$	124,297

Revenue does not reflect our intercompany transactions; such intercompany transactions reflect globally accepted transfer pricing principles and align profits with the business operations and functions of the various legal entities in our international business. The following table discloses revenue disaggregated by geographical market (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Service revenue:
United States	$	170,621	$	99,735	$	75,053
Canada	16,058		17,421		17,913
Europe	6,856		6,428		7,300
Central and South America	9,978		7,961		5,447
Others	683		523		751
Total service revenue	204,196		132,068		106,464

Subscriber equipment sales:
United States	$	8,599	$	7,981	$	10,238
Canada	5,153		4,740		3,029
Europe	2,985		1,870		2,018
Central and South America	2,863		1,793		2,487
Others	12		52		61
Total subscriber equipment sales	19,612		16,436		17,833

Total revenue	$	223,808	$	148,504	$	124,297

Schedule of accounts receivable and contract liabilities

The Company's receivable balances by type and classification are presented in the table below net of allowance for credit losses and may include amounts related to earned but unbilled receivables (amounts in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
Subscriber accounts receivable	$	14,474	$	14,850
Wholesale capacity accounts receivable	33,521		7,234
Agency agreement accounts receivable	748		4,245
Total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses	$	48,743	$	26,329
Long-term wholesale capacity accounts receivable	—		16,100
Total accounts receivable (short-term and long-term), net of allowance for credit losses	$	48,743	$	42,429

The Company's contract liabilities by type and classification are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Short-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities	$	22,816	$	21,987
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities	30,861		52,652
Total short-term contract liabilities	$	53,677	$	74,639
Long-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities	$	1,632	$	1,704
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net of contract asset	1,581		61,173
Total long-term contract liabilities	$	3,213	$	62,877
Total contract liabilities	$	56,890	$	137,516

The components of wholesale capacity contract liabilities are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net:
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the second-generation satellite constellation during Phase 1 (2)	$	5,219	$	99,671
Additional consideration associated with the 2021 and 2023 Funding Agreements (3)	16,104		—
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the ground spare satellite launched in June 2022 during Phases 1 and 2	23,673		25,438
Advanced payments contractually owed for services expected to be performed with the next-generation satellite constellation prior to the Phase 2 Service Period	14,204		22,540
Advanced payments for the Phase 1 service fee and service-related operating expenses and capital expenditures	19,907		18,872
Contract asset (1)	(46,665)		(52,696)
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net	$	32,442	$	113,825

Leases - Maturity Analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
2024	$ 5,638
2025	5,667
2026	5,714
2027	5,593
2028	5,577
Thereafter	19,028
Total lease payments	47,217
Imputed interest	(14,969)
Discounted lease liability	32,248	$ 30,382
Finance Leases
2024	23
2025	23
2026	23
2027	15
2028	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	84
Imputed interest	(14)
Discounted lease liability	$ 70
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other non-current liabilities

Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 1,900,000,000	$ 2,000,000,000
Valuation allowance decrease	1,200,000
Deferred tax liabilities	329,000	296,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	0	0
Undistributed earnings of the Company's foreign subsidiaries	5,200,000
Value added tax receivable, current	2,200,000	1,700,000
Value added tax receivable, noncurrent	$ 2,300,000	$ 3,100,000
Prior to 2026
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards, percent expiring (less than)	1.00%

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

4. LEASES

The following tables disclose the components of the Company’s operating leases (amounts in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use asset, net	$	34,164	$	30,859

Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)	3,004		2,747
Long-term lease liability	29,244		27,635
Total operating lease liabilities	$	32,248	$	30,382

Finance leases are not significant to the Company's financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Lease Cost

The components of lease cost are reflected in the table below (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Operating lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets, net	$	2,930	$	1,782	$	1,986
Interest on lease liabilities	2,646		2,524		1,948
Short-term lease cost	862		498		213
Total lease cost	$	6,438	$	4,804	$	4,147

Amortization and interest associated with finance leases were less than $0.1 million in total for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; accordingly, these amounts are not shown in the table above.

Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate

The following table discloses the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for finance and operating leases:


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022

Weighted-average lease term
Finance leases	3.7 years		4.6 years
Operating Leases	9.8 years		10.1 years

Weighted-average discount rate
Finance leases	10.2	%	10.2	%
Operating leases	8.6	%	8.5	%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The below table discloses supplemental cash flow information for operating leases (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	5,853	$	5,299	$	5,445

Operating and financing cash flows from finance leases were each less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; accordingly, these cash flows are not shown in the table above.

Maturity Analysis

The following table reflects undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases

2024	$	5,638	$	23
2025	5,667		23
2026	5,714		23
2027	5,593		15
2028	5,577		—
Thereafter	19,028		—
Total lease payments	$	47,217	$	84
Imputed interest	(14,969)		(14)
Discounted lease liability	$	32,248	$	70

In connection with the License Agreement previously disclosed, the office lease agreement between XCOM Labs, Inc. and its lessor is expected to be assigned to the Company during 2024.

Leases

4. LEASES

The following tables disclose the components of the Company’s operating leases (amounts in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use asset, net	$	34,164	$	30,859

Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)	3,004		2,747
Long-term lease liability	29,244		27,635
Total operating lease liabilities	$	32,248	$	30,382

Finance leases are not significant to the Company's financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Lease Cost

The components of lease cost are reflected in the table below (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Operating lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets, net	$	2,930	$	1,782	$	1,986
Interest on lease liabilities	2,646		2,524		1,948
Short-term lease cost	862		498		213
Total lease cost	$	6,438	$	4,804	$	4,147

Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate

The following table discloses the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for finance and operating leases:


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022

Weighted-average lease term
Finance leases	3.7 years		4.6 years
Operating Leases	9.8 years		10.1 years

Weighted-average discount rate
Finance leases	10.2	%	10.2	%
Operating leases	8.6	%	8.5	%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The below table discloses supplemental cash flow information for operating leases (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	5,853	$	5,299	$	5,445

Maturity Analysis

The following table reflects undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases

2024	$	5,638	$	23
2025	5,667		23
2026	5,714		23
2027	5,593		15
2028	5,577		—
Thereafter	19,028		—
Total lease payments	$	47,217	$	84
Imputed interest	(14,969)		(14)
Discounted lease liability	$	32,248	$	70

In connection with the License Agreement previously disclosed, the office lease agreement between XCOM Labs, Inc. and its lessor is expected to be assigned to the Company during 2024.

Fair Value Measurements - Rollforward of Recurring Level 3 Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balances at beginning of period	$ (122)	$ (880)
Issuance of embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement	(292)	0
Derivative adjustment related to debt conversions	0	1,148
Derivative adjustment related to extinguishment of debt	122	415
Unrealized gain (loss), included in derivative gain (loss) and other	$ 1,587	$ (805)
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Derivative gain (loss) and other	Derivative gain (loss) and other
Balances at end of period	$ 1,295	$ (122)

Stock Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Compensation

15. STOCK COMPENSATION

Share-Based Payment Arrangements with Employees

The Company’s Equity Incentive Plan (“Equity Plan”) provides long-term incentives to the Company’s key employees, including officers, directors, consultants and advisers (“Eligible Participants”), and is designed to align stockholder and employee interests. Under the Equity Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other stock based awards or any combination thereof to Eligible Participants. The Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors establishes the terms and conditions of any awards granted under the plans. At the time of grant, the Company takes into consideration the timing of the stock based award and evaluates for conditions that could result in the award to be considered spring loaded. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the number of shares of common stock that was authorized and remained available for issuance under the Equity Plan was 20.6 million and 9.8 million, respectively.

Stock Options

The Company has granted incentive stock options under the Equity Plan. These options have various vesting terms, but generally vest in equal installments over three years and expire in ten years. The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option grants over the Eligible Participants' requisite service period, which is generally based on the vesting period and the fair value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The table below summarizes the assumptions for the indicated periods:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Risk-free interest rate	3.9		%	1.4		%	0.4		%
Expected term of options (years)	5			5			5
Volatility	65		%	100		%	62		%
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share	$	0.73		$	0.86		$	0.17

The following table represents the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:


	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	8,099,885	$	1.29
Granted	800,000	1.27
Exercised	(61,484)	0.70
Forfeited or expired	(554,400)	1.99
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	8,284,001	1.24

Exercisable at December 31, 2023	6,736,494	$	1.26

The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the total intrinsic value of all stock options exercised was less than $0.1 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of all outstanding stock options at December 31, 2023 was $6.9 million with a remaining contractual life of 5.3 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of all vested stock options that were exercisable at December 31, 2023 was $5.7 million based on a per grant calculation with a remaining contractual life of 4.7 years. Net cash proceeds during the year ended December 31, 2023 from the exercise of stock options was less than $0.1 million.

For each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $0.5 million of compensation expense related to stock options. As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options outstanding was approximately $0.6 million to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Restricted Stock

Grants of restricted stock have varying vesting criteria, including immediate, one year from the grant date, in equal annual installments over three years or based on performance criteria. Non-vested shares are generally forfeited upon the termination of employment. Holders of restricted stock awards are entitled to all rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to the restricted stock, including the right to vote the shares and receive any dividends or other distributions. Compensation expense associated with restricted stock is measured based on the grant date fair value of the common stock and is recognized on a straight line basis over the vesting period. The table below summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock for the indicated periods:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	1.36	$	1.73	$	1.23

The following is a rollforward of the activity in restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2023:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2023	9,953,866	$	1.47
Granted	7,860,740	1.36
Vested	(8,819,458)	1.29
Forfeited	(159,067)	1.47
Nonvested at December 31, 2023	8,836,081	$	1.56

Included in the vested balance during the year ended December 31, 2023 were approximately 3.4 million performance-based restricted stock awards that vested upon the achievement of certain milestones during the year.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $13.1 million, $10.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to restricted stock awards. The increase in compensation expense during 2023 was driven primarily by performance grants to certain employees associated with their efforts under the Service Agreements as well as other performance criteria. The total fair value, as calculated on the day of vesting, of restricted stock awards that vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $11.6 million, $14.6 million, and $8.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock outstanding was approximately $10.2 million to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Market-Based Restricted Stock Units

During 2023, the Company granted 44.5 million restricted stock units ("RSUs") to certain executives which are earned over a four-year performance period. The RSUs vest upon the Company's common stock trading at various price levels throughout the performance period. The RSUs were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. As of the grant date, September 25, 2023, the fair value of the RSUs was $39.5 million. This total fair value will be recognized over the derived service period, estimated to be 2.6 years. The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using the following assumptions:


	Risk-Free Interest Rate		Stock Price Volatility		Market Price of Common Stock
Fair Value of RSUs	4.73	%	80.00	%	$	1.29

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $6.7 million of compensation cost related to these awards. As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested market-based RSUs was approximately $32.8 million to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. No market-based RSUs vested, expired or were forfeited during 2023.

Key Employee Bonus Plan

The Company has an annual bonus plan designed to reward designated key employees' efforts to exceed the Company's financial performance goals for the designated calendar year ("Plan Year"). The bonus pool available for distribution is determined based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA performance during the Plan Year. The bonus may be paid in cash or the Company's common stock, subject to certain approvals.

For the 2023 Plan Year, the Company's adjusted EBITDA performance was within the bonus payout threshold according to the plan document. As of December 31, 2023, $2.5 million was accrued on the Company's consolidated balance sheet related to this bonus payment, which is expected to be made in the form of common stock during the first quarter of 2024.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) which provides eligible employees of the Company with an opportunity to acquire shares of its common stock at a discount. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be purchased through the Plan was 20.0 million shares (subject to adjustment as allowed in the Plan) and the Company has issued approximately 13.6 million shares.

For 2023 and 2022, the Company received $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in proceeds related to shares issued under the Plan. For each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded compensation expense of approximately $0.4 million, which is reflected in marketing, general and administrative expenses. The fair value of the employees’ stock purchase rights granted under the ESPP is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Balance Sheet Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Construction in progress \| Satellite Procurement Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	$ 198,884	$ 98,491
Construction in progress \| Launch Services Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	6,400	0
Vendor financing \| Satellite Procurement Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	0	59,575
Accrued construction costs \| Satellite Procurement Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	55,627	36,386
Accrued construction costs \| Launch Services Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	2,560	0
Prepaid construction costs \| Satellite Procurement Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	6,683	11,470
Prepaid construction costs \| Launch Services Agreement
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Other commitment	$ 5,760	$ 0

Accrued Expenses and Other Non-current Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	4,307	$	4,967
Accrued property and other taxes	5,586		3,293
Accrued customer liabilities and deposits	4,284		5,233
Accrued professional and other service provider fees	2,010		1,190
Accrued inventory	1,210		874
Short-term lease liability	3,004		2,747
Accrued interest	3,942		1,291
Other accrued expenses	2,615		2,959
Total accrued expenses	$	26,958	$	22,554

Schedule of other non-current liabilities

Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Asset retirement obligations (Note 1)	$	2,951	$	2,953
Accrued interest	7,429		—
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement (Note 8 and Note 9)	—		122
Deferred tax liability (Note 13)	329		322
Foreign tax contingencies	503		530
Other	53		68
Total other non-current liabilities	$	11,265	$	3,995

License Agreement - Schedule of purchase price allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Aug. 29, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill (included in intangible assets)	$ 30,600
XCOM Labs, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total identifiable assets acquired		$ 27,909
Goodwill (included in intangible assets)		30,624
Net assets acquired		58,533
XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Developed intellectual property
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets		25,980
XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Other
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets		$ 1,929

- Definition

+ References + Details

Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of the components of income tax expense (benefit)

The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Current:
Federal tax	$	—	$	—	$	—
State tax	240		82		153
Foreign tax	850		(9)		7
Total	1,090		73		160
Deferred:
Federal and state tax	33		—		(459)
Foreign tax	—		—		—
Total	33		—		(459)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,123	$	73	$	(299)

Schedule of U.S. And foreign components of income (loss) before taxes

U.S. and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes are presented below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. loss	$	(30,086)	$	(232,148)	$	(79,452)
Foreign income (loss)	6,491		(24,694)		(33,472)
Total loss before income taxes	$	(23,595)	$	(256,842)	$	(112,924)

Schedule of the components of net deferred income tax assets

The components of net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal and foreign NOL and credit carryforwards	$	467,282	$	479,884
Property and equipment and other long-term assets	(60,697)		(77,925)
Deferred revenue	28,147		25,774
Reserves and disallowed interest	3,081		8,919
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	437,813		436,652
Valuation allowance	(438,142)		(436,948)
Net deferred income tax liability	$	(329)	$	(296)

Schedule of actual provision for income taxes to the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate

The actual provision for income taxes differs from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Provision at U.S. statutory rate of 21%	$	(4,967)	$	(53,951)	$	(23,714)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(771)		(4,065)		(867)
Change in valuation allowance	(969)		43,500		15,991
Effect of foreign income tax at various rates	(131)		(133)		176
Permanent differences	5,923		8,229		4,993
Net change in permanent items due to provision to tax return	(731)		1,855		(569)
Adjustment to reserved deferred assets	2,104		4,607		1,969
Adjustment to state deferred rate	170		136		775
Withholding tax	502		—		—
Other	(7)		(105)		947
Total	$	1,123	$	73	$	(299)

Fair Value Measurements - Warrants - Quantitative Fair Value Inputs (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Dec. 07, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)		49.1
Total fair value			$ 48.3
Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)	5.0
Exercise price (in USD per share)	$ 2.00
Expected term (years)	5 years
Risk-free interest rate	4.11%
Volatility	92.14%
Weighted average grant-date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 1.00
Total fair value	$ 5.0

Loss Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (24,718)	$ (256,915)	$ (112,625)
Adjusted net loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (35,323)	$ (258,252)	$ (112,625)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	1,835,005	1,800,825	1,765,139
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	1,835,005	1,800,825	1,765,139
Net loss per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.06)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.06)
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Numerator:
Effect of Series A Preferred Stock dividends	$ (10,605)	$ (1,337)	$ 0

Long-term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements - Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 30, 2019
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	$ 398,661				$ 202,788
Debt instrument, face amount, current	34,600				59,575
Debt instruments, face amount, noncurrent	364,061				143,213
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	38,361				11,098
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, current	0				0
Debt instrument, unamortized discount, noncurrent	38,361				11,098
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	360,300				191,690
Less: current portion	34,600				59,575
Long-term debt and vendor financing	325,700				132,115
2023 Funding Agreement
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	117,253	$ 29,523	$ 87,730	$ 88,000	0
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	15,433				0
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	101,820	$ 24,315	$ 75,983		0
2021 Funding Agreement
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	75,450				0	$ 94,200
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	6,888				0
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	68,562				0	$ 76,324
2023 13% Notes
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	205,958				0
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	16,040				0
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	$ 189,918				0
Loan interest rate	13.00%
2019 Facility Agreement
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	$ 0				143,213		$ 199,000
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	0				11,098
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	0				132,115
Loan interest rate							14.00%
Vendor financing
Principal Amount
Debt instrument, principal amount	0				59,575
Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs
Total debt and vendor financing	0				0
Carrying Value
Fair value at issuance	$ 0				$ 59,575

License Agreement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

License Agreement

2. LICENSE AGREEMENT

On August 29, 2023, the Company entered into an Intellectual Property License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with XCOM Labs, Inc. (“Licensor” or “XCOM”). Under the License Agreement, the Company purchased an exclusive (subject to the qualifications set forth in the license agreement) right and license (the “License”) as well as Intellectual Property Assets (as defined in the License Agreement) relating to the development and commercialization of XCOM’s technologies for wireless spectrum innovations.

As consideration for the License and other agreements of Licensor in the License Agreement, the Company issued 60.6 million shares of its common stock (the “Stock Consideration”), representing a transaction value of approximately $68.7 million, subject to adjustment and a holdback to provide for certain liabilities related to the Intellectual Property Assets. The number of shares issued as Stock Consideration was calculated using the volume-weighted average market price of the Common Stock on the NYSE American for the 20 trading days immediately preceding August 29, 2023.

In connection with the License Agreement, the Company also entered into a Support Services Agreement (the “SSA”) with XCOM. Pursuant to the SSA, XCOM is required to provide services to the Company assisting with certain operations of the business relating to the Intellectual Property Assets and to make available to the Company certain employees and facilities associated with the foregoing. Fees payable by Globalstar pursuant to the SSA will be based on costs incurred to provide the services and will be paid in shares of Globalstar common stock or cash at its option.

The Company accounted for the License Agreement under ASC 805, Business Combinations and allocated the preliminary purchase price based on the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired. If, prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing the purchase price allocation, information becomes available about facts and circumstances that existed as of the transaction date, which would indicate adjustments are required to the purchase price allocation, such adjustments will be included in the purchase price allocation retrospectively. For the period August 29, 2023 through December 31, 2023, no measurement period adjustments were made.

The fair value of the consideration (paid in Globalstar common stock) totaled $70.4 million. Approximately 18.8 million shares transferred were subject to legal trading restrictions. These shares were valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model (refer to Note 9: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion) and the fair value on the transaction date was $19.0 million. Approximately 41.8 million shares transferred were not subject to legal trading restrictions and, pursuant to applicable accounting guidance and the Company's accounting policy election, were valued using the low price on the transaction date with a fair value of $51.4 million. The fair value of the consideration transferred included $58.5 million associated with the purchase price and the reimbursement of the seller's transaction costs as well as $11.9 million associated with the initial service period under the SSA. The Company recorded this amount as a prepaid asset on its consolidated balance sheets and will amortize the prepayment to cost of services and management, general and administrative expenses over the initial service period of nine months.

The allocation of the purchase price on August 29, 2023 is reflected in the tables below (amounts in thousands):


Identifiable assets acquired
Developed intellectual property (included in intangible assets)	$	25,980
Other	1,929
Total identifiable assets acquired	$	27,909
Goodwill (included in intangible assets)	30,624
Net assets acquired	$	58,533

There were no liabilities assumed by the Company at the time of the License Agreement. Other items in the table above include primarily equipment, inventory and the fair value of the trade name. Refer to Note 6: Intangible and Other Assets for further discussion on goodwill.

The table below reflects the intangible assets acquired and weighted-average useful lives (amounts in thousands):


Intangible Asset	Initial Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life (years)
Trade name (included in Other in the table above)	$	560	5
Developed intellectual property	25,980		10

The trade name was valued using an income approach, specifically a relief from royalty method. The developed intellectual property was valued using the income approach, specifically a discounted cash flow method.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $2.9 million of acquisition-related costs, which primarily consisted of transaction fees as well as legal, accounting and other professional fees. These costs are recorded in management, general and administrative expenses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Stock Compensation - Restricted Stock (Details) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Shares
Nonvested, beginning balance (in shares)	9,953,866
Granted (in shares)	7,860,740
Vested (in shares)	(8,819,458)
Forfeited (in shares)	(159,067)
Nonvested, ending balance (in shares)	8,836,081	9,953,866
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (USD per share)
Nonvested, beginning (in USD per share)	$ 1.47
Granted (in USD per share)	1.36	$ 1.73	$ 1.23
Vested (in USD per share)	1.29
Forfeited (in USD per share)	1.47
Nonvested, ending (in USD per share)	$ 1.56	$ 1.47

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Service Agreements The Service Agreements set forth the primary terms for the Company to provide services to Partner and incur costs related primarily to new gateways and upgrades at existing gateways as well as satellite construction and launch services. The Service Agreements have an indefinite term but provide that either party may terminate subject to certain notice requirements and, in some cases, other conditions. The Service Agreements also provide for various commitments with which the Company must comply. Satellite Procurement Agreement and Launch Services Agreement In February 2022, the Company entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA pursuant to which Globalstar will acquire at least 17 satellites (and up to 26 satellites) with an amended contract price of $329.5 million, with initial delivery expected to occur in 2025. In addition, MDA will procure a satellite operations control center for $4.9 million as well as other equipment for $3.7 million. As more fully described in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 31, 2023, in August 2023, the Company entered into a Launch Services Agreement by and between the Company and Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (“SpaceX”) and certain related ancillary agreements (the “Launch Services Agreements”), providing for the launch of the first set of the satellites the Company is acquiring pursuant to the satellite procurement agreement with MDA. The Launch Services Agreements provide a launch window from April to September 2025. The Service Agreements provide for the Company to receive service payments equal to 95% of the approved capital expenditures under each contract. Inventory Purchase Commitments The Company has inventory purchase commitments with its third party product manufacturers in the normal course of business. These commitments are generally noncancelable and the order quantities are based on sales forecasts. The Company estimates that its open inventory purchase commitments as of December 31, 2023 were approximately $14.2 million. Litigation Due to the nature of the Company's business, the Company is involved, from time to time, in various litigation matters or subject to disputes or routine claims regarding its business activities. Legal costs related to these matters are expensed as incurred. In management's opinion, there is no pending litigation, dispute or claim, which could be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Thermo is the principal owner and largest stockholder of Globalstar. The Company's Executive Chairman of the Board controls Thermo. Two other members of the Company's Board of Directors are also directors, officers and/or minority equity owners of various Thermo entities. Payables to Thermo related to normal purchase transactions were $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Transactions with Thermo Certain general and administrative expenses are incurred by Thermo on behalf of the Company. These expenses include: i) non-cash expenses, such as stock compensation costs as well as costs recorded as a contribution to capital, and ii) expenses incurred by Thermo on behalf of the Company that are charged to the Company; these expenses are based on actual amounts (with no mark-up) incurred by Thermo or upon allocated employee time. Lease Agreement The Company has a lease agreement with Thermo Covington, LLC for the Company's headquarters office. Annual lease payments increase at a rate of 2.5% per year. 2023 lease payments were $1.6 million. The lease term is ten years and will expire in January 2029. During each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred lease expense of $1.6 million, respectively, associated with this lease agreement. Perpetual Preferred Stock Thermo's ownership in the Company's Series A Preferred Stock is $136.7 million. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors, cumulative cash dividends based on the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a fixed rate equal to 7.00% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year. During 2023, the Company made dividend payments to Thermo which were approved by the Company's Board of Directors totaling $10.9 million. Service Agreements In connection with the Service Agreements, Partner and Thermo entered into a lock-up and right of first offer agreement that generally (i) requires Thermo to offer any shares of Globalstar common stock to Partner before transferring them to any other Person other than affiliates of Thermo and (ii) prohibits Thermo from transferring shares of Globalstar common stock if such transfer would cause Thermo to hold less than 51.00% of the outstanding common stock of the Company for a period of five years from the launch of Services in November 2022. Guaranty with 2023 Funding Agreement Amounts payable by the Company in connection with the 2023 Funding Agreement and certain other obligations under the Service Agreements are guaranteed by Thermo. Thermo has agreed to provide support of certain of the Company’s obligations under the 2023 Funding Agreement. This guarantee agreement received shareholder approval in June 2023 and became effective in December 2023. As consideration for Thermo's guarantee, the Company has issued to Thermo warrants to purchase 10.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to $2.00 per share (as calculated pursuant to the agreement). 5.0 million of these warrants vested immediately upon effectiveness of Thermo's guarantee, which occurred in December 2023, and the remaining 5.0 million warrants vest if and when Thermo advances aggregate funds of $25.0 million or more to the Company or a permitted third party pursuant to the terms of Thermo's guarantee. These warrants expire five years after the date of issuance. Upon effectiveness of Thermo's guarantee, the Company recorded the fair value of the vested warrants, which was accounted for as a credit enhancement for the guarantee and totaled $5.0 million at issuance, to additional paid-in-capital on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. with an offset to "Loss on equity issuance" on the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The second tranche of warrants, which vests if and when Thermo advances aggregate funds of $25.0 million, was assigned a fair value of zero based on the Company's future cash flows and the low probability of the need for funding from Thermo as required under the 2023 Funding Agreement. The Company will reassess the probably of vesting at each reporting period and, if the probability of vesting increases, it will record the fair value as a liability pursuant to applicable accounting guidance with an offsetting expense to derivative gain or loss in that period. To the extent Thermo is required to advance amounts under the guarantee, the Company is required to issue shares of Common Stock of the Company in respect of such advance in an amount equal to the amount of such payment divided by the average of the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding such payment. Refer to Note 9: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the fair value of the vested warrants issued to Thermo. License Agreement In connection with the XCOM transaction, a portion of the Stock Consideration was resold by XCOM to certain long-term investors of Globalstar and XCOM (the “Resale Purchasers”), including Thermo, in private resale transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. Together with shares it received for release of debt owed to it by Licensor, Thermo acquired 4.2 million total shares. Governance The Company has a Strategic Review Committee that is required to remain in existence for as long as Thermo and its affiliates beneficially own forty-five percent (45%) or more of Globalstar’s outstanding common stock. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Strategic Review Committee has exclusive responsibility for the oversight, review and approval of, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, any acquisition by Thermo and its affiliates of additional newly-issued securities of the Company and any transaction between the Company and Thermo and its affiliates with a value in excess of $250,000. See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements for further discussion of the Company's debt and financing transactions with Thermo.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) shares in Millions	Aug. 29, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares						49.1
Warrants							$ 48,300,000
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares		10.0
Partnership agreement, advancement guarantee		$ 25,000,000
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Effectiveness Of Guaranty
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares		5.0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Advances Achievement
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares		5.0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Advances Achievement \| Estimate of fair value
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Warrants		$ 0
XCOM Labs, Inc.
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	60.6
XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Common Stock
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	41.8
Equity issued in business combination, fair value	$ 51,400,000
XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Common Stock, Restricted
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Business combination, equity interest issued (in shares) \| shares	18.8
Equity issued in business combination, fair value	$ 19,000,000
2023 Funding Agreement
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value			$ 24,300,000		$ 76,000,000
2023 Funding Agreement, Thermo Guarantee
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value			$ 2,000,000		$ 6,900,000
2021 Funding Agreement
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value				$ 76,300,000
Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price \| XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Common Stock
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	1.23
Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price \| XCOM Labs, Inc. \| Common Stock, Restricted
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Fair Value of Consideration	1.13
2023 Funding Agreement
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Embedded derivative, fair value		$ 1,300,000
2023 Funding Agreement \| Discount rate
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Derivative liability, measurement input		0.0651	0.0914		0.0852
2019 Facility Agreement
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Embedded derivative, fair value		$ 0				$ 100,000
Embedded derivative liability		$ 0
2019 Facility Agreement \| Level 3
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability						$ 100,000
2023 Funding Agreement, Thermo Guarantee \| Discount rate
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Derivative liability, measurement input			0.0672		0.0622
2021 Funding Agreement \| Discount rate
Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]
Derivative liability, measurement input				0.0852

Related Party Transactions (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 29, 2023 shares	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payables to affiliates				$ 459,000	$ 326,000
Operating cash flows for operating leases				5,853,000	5,299,000	$ 5,445,000
Principal amount				398,661,000	202,788,000
Payments of dividends				$ 11,942,000	$ 0	0
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares					49.1
Warrants		$ 48,300,000
Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage		7.00%		7.00%
Payments of dividends				$ 11,900,000	$ 0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Strategic review committee requirement, ownership threshold, percentage				0.45
Transaction threshold for approval requirement				$ 250,000
2019 Facility Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 0	143,213,000		$ 199,000,000
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Partnership agreement, minimum ownership threshold, percentage (less than)			0.5100
Related Party \| Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage				7.00%
Related Party \| 2019 Facility Agreement \| Thermo Capital Partners LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount							$ 136,700,000
Thermo Capital Partners LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares) \| shares	4.2
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares				10.0
Warrant, strike price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares				$ 2.00
Partnership agreement, advancement guarantee				$ 25,000,000
Trading day threshold \| day				5
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Effectiveness Of Guaranty
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares				5.0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Advances Achievement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares) \| shares				5.0
Warrant term				5 years
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party \| Common Stock Warrant, Vesting Upon Advances Achievement \| Estimate of fair value
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants				$ 0
Thermo Capital Partners LLC \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payables to affiliates				$ 500,000	300,000
Annual rental payment escalation percentage				2.50%
Operating cash flows for operating leases				$ 1,600,000
Operating lease term				10 years
Rent expense				$ 1,600,000	$ 1,600,000	$ 1,600,000
Payments of dividends				$ 10,900,000
Partnership agreement, ownership threshold, period			5 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss
Balance at beginning of period	$ 2,892	$ 2,962	$ 4,352
Provision, net of recoveries	519	1,087	409
Write-offs and other adjustments	(1,099)	(1,157)	(1,799)
Balance at end of period	$ 2,312	$ 2,892	$ 2,962

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
2023 13% Notes
Loan interest rate	13.00%	13.00%

Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets, net	$ 2,930	$ 1,782	$ 1,986
Interest on lease liabilities	2,646	2,524	1,948
Short-term lease cost	862	498	213
Total lease cost	$ 6,438	$ 4,804	$ 4,147

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property and equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Globalstar System:
Space component	$	1,230,975	$	1,246,343
Ground component	106,757		102,567
Construction in progress:
Space component	240,732		110,068
Ground component	6,814		5,316
Other	9,574		9,167
Total Globalstar System	1,594,852		1,473,461
Internally developed and purchased software	23,310		22,509
Equipment	11,905		8,042
Land and buildings	2,677		1,681
Leasehold improvements	2,147		2,083
Total property and equipment	1,634,891		1,507,776
Accumulated depreciation	(1,010,889)		(947,405)
Total property and equipment, net	$	624,002	$	560,371

The table below reflects the amounts recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet (amounts in thousands).


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Satellite Procurement Agreement
Construction in progress	$	198,884	$	98,491
Vendor financing liability	—		59,575
Accrued construction costs	55,627		36,386
Prepaid construction costs	6,683		11,470

Launch Services Agreement
Construction in progress	$	6,400	$	—
Accrued construction costs	2,560		—
Prepaid construction costs	5,760		—

Capitalized interest

The following table summarizes capitalized interest for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Interest cost eligible to be capitalized	$	39,143	$	45,609	$	47,580
Interest cost recorded in interest income (expense), net	(15,271)		(29,836)		(43,325)
Net interest capitalized	$	23,872	$	15,773	$	4,255

Depreciation expense

The following table summarizes depreciation expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Depreciation Expense	$	87,213	$	85,475	$	84,225

Amortization expense

The following table summarizes amortization expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Amortization Expense	$	978	$	8,409	$	12,012

Geographic location of property and equipment

The Company’s information by geographic area is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Property and equipment:
North America	$	581,535	$	524,880
Central and South America	16,122		12,678
Africa	12,379		11,507
Asia Pacific	11,411		8,913
Europe	2,555		2,393
Total property and equipment	$	624,002	$	560,371

Property and Equipment - Geographic Location of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 624,002	$ 560,371
North America
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	581,535	524,880
Central and South America
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	16,122	12,678
Africa
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	12,379	11,507
Asia Pacific
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	11,411	8,913
Europe
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,555	$ 2,393

Stock Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - Employee Stock Option - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.90%	1.40%	0.40%
Expected term of options (years)	5 years	5 years	5 years
Volatility	65.00%	100.00%	62.00%
Weighted average grant-date fair value (in USD per share)	$ 0.73	$ 0.86	$ 0.17

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements relating to financial and non-financial assets and liabilities, including presentation of required disclosures herein. This guidance establishes a fair value framework requiring the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets and liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company marks-to-market its derivatives at each reporting date, or more frequently as deemed necessary, with the changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. See Note 8: Derivatives for further discussion.

Embedded Derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement

The embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement are valued using a discounted cash flow model. The most significant observable input used in the fair value measurement is the discount yield, which was 6.51% at December 31, 2023. The discount yield at issuance for the first and second draws was 8.52% and 9.14%, respectively. The decrease in the discount yield as of December 31, 2023 compared to discount yield upon issuance was due primarily to the effectiveness of Thermo's guaranty of the 2023 Funding Agreement, which occurred in December 2023. As the discount yield used in the valuation decreases, the fair value of the embedded derivative decreases.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement includes estimated timing and amounts of cash flows associated with the prepayment features within the debt agreement. As projected cash flows increase, the fair value of the embedded derivative increases.

As of December 31, 2023, the embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement were categorized as a Level 3 fair value and was recorded as an asset of $1.3 million.

Compound Embedded Derivative within the 2019 Facility Agreement

The compound embedded derivative within the 2019 Facility Agreement was valued using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. The most significant observable input was the discount yield. The unobservable inputs included the probability of change of control and the estimated timing and amounts of cash flows. As of December 31, 2022, this compound embedded derivative liability was categorized as a Level 3 fair value and was $0.1 million. In 2023, the Company refinanced the remaining principal balance outstanding and wrote off the associated embedded derivative balance; therefore, no balance remained as of December 31, 2023.

Rollforward of Recurring Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents a rollforward for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Balances at beginning of period	$	(122)	$	(880)
Issuance of embedded derivatives within the 2023 Funding Agreement	(292)		—
Derivative adjustment related to debt conversions	—		1,148
Derivative adjustment related to extinguishment of debt	122		415
Unrealized gain (loss), included in derivative gain (loss) and other	1,587		(805)
Balances at end of period	$	1,295	$	(122)

Fair Value of Debt Instruments and Other Financing Arrangements

The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of its debt agreements on a recurring basis without incurring significant additional costs. Unlike typical long-term debt, certain terms for these instruments are not readily available and generally involve a variety of factors, including due diligence by the debt holders. The Company's vendor financing arrangement was recorded at net carrying value, which approximated fair value.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the authoritative guidance regarding non-financial assets and liabilities that are remeasured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

2023 Funding Agreement

As previously discussed, the Company entered into the 2023 Funding Agreement in February 2023. Significant quantitative Level 3 inputs were utilized in the valuation model as of the draw dates. Amounts payable under the 2023 Funding Agreement are guaranteed by Thermo.

The Company's first draw under the 2023 Funding Agreement occurred in April 2023 with a total fair value of $76.0 million calculated as the projected future cash flows discounted using the prevailing market rate of interest for a similar transaction. The discount yield used for this calculation was 8.52%. For the fair value associated with the guarantee by Thermo, the Company recorded $6.9 million for this embedded feature, which was calculated as the difference in projected cash flows with and without the guarantee agreement discounted using calculated rates of 6.22% and 8.52%, respectively.

The Company's second draw under the 2023 Funding Agreement occurred in November 2023 with a total fair value of $24.3 million calculated as the projected future cash flows discounted using the prevailing market rate of interest for a similar transaction. The discount yield used for this calculation was 9.14%. For the fair value associated with the guarantee by Thermo, the Company recorded $2.0 million for this embedded feature, which was calculated as the difference in projected cash flows with and without the guarantee agreement discounted using calculated rates of 6.72% and 9.14%, respectively.

2021 Funding Agreement

In connection with the re-characterization of the 2021 Funding Agreement from deferred revenue to debt, the Company recorded the fair value of the debt calculated as the projected cash flows discounted using the prevailing market rate of interest for a similar transaction. The discount yield used for this calculation was 8.52%. The total fair value of the 2021 Funding

Agreement was $76.3 million and was recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet during the second quarter of 2023 when the amendment was effective.

License Agreement

In connection with the License Agreement discussed in Note 2: License Agreement, the consideration paid was in the form of Globalstar common stock.

Approximately 41.8 million shares were not subject to legal trading restrictions and were valued using the low stock price on the transaction date, which was $1.23 per share. The total fair value of these shares was $51.4 million on the transaction date.

The remaining shares, totaling 18.8 million, were subject to legal trading restrictions and were valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model on the transaction date. The total fair value of these shares was $19.0 million and computed using the following assumptions on the transaction date:


	Underlying Stock Price and Exercise Price		Term (Years)	Volatility		Risk-Free Interest Rate
Fair Value of Consideration	$	1.13	0.5	74.5	%	5.52	%

Warrants Issued in Connection with the Thermo Guaranty

As discussed in Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements and Note 12: Related Party Transactions, the Company issued to Thermo a warrant to purchase 10.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock.


Number of warrants (in millions)	5.0
Grant date	December 7, 2023
Exercise price	$	2.00
Expected term (years)	5
Risk-free interest rate	4.11		%
Volatility	92.14		%
Black-Scholes fair value per share	$	1.00
Total fair value (in millions)	$	5.0

The fair value of the warrants that vest if and when Thermo advances aggregate funds of $25.0 million or more to the Company was assigned a fair value of zero based on the low probability of the need for the funding over the term of the 2023 Funding Agreement.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of lease assets and liabilities

The following tables disclose the components of the Company’s operating leases (amounts in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use asset, net	$	34,164	$	30,859

Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)	3,004		2,747
Long-term lease liability	29,244		27,635
Total operating lease liabilities	$	32,248	$	30,382

Schedule of components of lease cost

The components of lease cost are reflected in the table below (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Operating lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets, net	$	2,930	$	1,782	$	1,986
Interest on lease liabilities	2,646		2,524		1,948
Short-term lease cost	862		498		213
Total lease cost	$	6,438	$	4,804	$	4,147

The following table discloses the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for finance and operating leases:


	As of December 31,
	2023		2022

Weighted-average lease term
Finance leases	3.7 years		4.6 years
Operating Leases	9.8 years		10.1 years

Weighted-average discount rate
Finance leases	10.2	%	10.2	%
Operating leases	8.6	%	8.5	%

The below table discloses supplemental cash flow information for operating leases (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	5,853	$	5,299	$	5,445

Schedule of maturities of operating leases liabilities

The following table reflects undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases

2024	$	5,638	$	23
2025	5,667		23
2026	5,714		23
2027	5,593		15
2028	5,577		—
Thereafter	19,028		—
Total lease payments	$	47,217	$	84
Imputed interest	(14,969)		(14)
Discounted lease liability	$	32,248	$	70

Schedule of maturities of finance leases liabilities

The following table reflects undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases

2024	$	5,638	$	23
2025	5,667		23
2026	5,714		23
2027	5,593		15
2028	5,577		—
Thereafter	19,028		—
Total lease payments	$	47,217	$	84
Imputed interest	(14,969)		(14)
Discounted lease liability	$	32,248	$	70